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ARRT Limited Scope in Radiography - Test 1
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ARRT Limited Scope in Radiography - Test 1
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ARRT Limited Scope in Radiography - Test1
A 12 year old patient is undergoing a posterior oblique radiographic image of the pelvis.
During radiography, a 90 kV is used instead of an 80 kV. What is the advantage of using
the 90 kV?
Reduction in radiation dose
Lower image sharpness
Easier positioning of the patient
Lower volumes of device manipulation - ANS-Reduction in radiation dose
A kilovalt (kV) is a measurement for kilovoltage. According to Bontrager and
Lampignano, a pediatric patient's exposure to radiation is reduced when using 90 kV
instead of 80 kV during a radiographic imaging. The higher the kV will result in lower
exposure. However, with increased kV, the contrast can have lower quality. In fact, the
kV increases a patient's exposure rate to scattered radiation and these scattered
photons or radiation can decrease the contrast on an image.
A condition that is classified as shock and can result in respiratory distress that is life
threatening is called:
Anesthetic vasoconstriction
Anaphylaxis
Idiosyncratic reaction
Subcutaneus acidosis - ANS-anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a form of an allergic reaction that is so severe it can be life threatening.
The reaction can be triggered by drug sensitivity or hypersensitivity to other substances
such as the venom from a bee sting.
Individuals suffering from anaphylaxis can have respiratory distress, such as problems
breathing or swallowing. Additional symptoms of anaphylaxis are pain in the abdomen,
coughing, wheezing, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, hives, redness of the skin, swelling of
the face, tongue and eyes, tightness in the chest, arrhythmia (change in the normal
heart beat, such as the heart beats fast, skips a beat, beats slowly or beats irregularly),
and even unconsciousness.
A device that reads and measures the darkness of a film is called:
Densitometer
Optical imaging receptor
Resolution device
Pixel reader - ANS-densitometer
,Density is a photographic property that helps show the structures on the film. A
densitometer is a device that analyzes and produces a readout of how much blackening
or darkness is on a film. The amount of blackening that is on the film is the density. The
densitometer measures the density by recording the amount of light released from the
light source. Then, the instrument compares the amount of light that is release from the
light source to the amount of light that is sent through a film. Based on a scale, the
device can provide a readout of how much density an image contains.
A factor that affects a fluoroscopic image quality that does NOT vary with geometric
factors is:
Resolution
Contrast
Film transistor
The input screen diameter - ANS-contrast
Factors that affect fluoroscopic image quality include contrast, resolution and distortion.
Also, quantum mottle may also affect the quality of a fluoroscopic image. The only factor
that varies based on geometric factors is resolution. Geometric factors do not vary the
contrast, distortion or the quantum mottle.
A fluid filled sac or lesion located in the fibrous tissue of the bone is called a:
Bone cyst
Osteoid gout
Sarcoma
Malignant tumor - ANS-Bone cyst
A bone cyst is a lesion that is not cancerous and is found in the bone. The cyst is filled
with fluid and is more specifically located in the wall or fibrous tissue of the bone. Some
bone cysts most often develop in the long bones, for example the femur or the humerus.
However, a bone cyst can develop in any bone of the skeletal system.
A group or classification of ionizing radiation is known as:
Radiation absorption
Pocket dosimetry
Particulate
Genetic channeling - ANS-Particulate
There are two groups of ionizing radiation: particulate and electromagnetic. Particulate
radiation involves high-energy electrons, neutrons, protons and radioactive decay that
generate ionization (the addition or removal of electrons from an atom) in matter.
Then, electromagnetic radiation is either x-rays or gamma rays. The x-rays are
man-made and produced in the x-ray tube. Then, the gamma rays are released from the
radioactive material's nucleus. With electromagnetic radiation, the transfer of energy
,between the photon and matter happens through processes known as Compton
scattering and photoelectric absorption.
A high platelet count can be caused by which of the following?
Polycythemia vera
Diabetes
Bladder infections
Skin rashes. - ANS-Polycythemia vera.
A platelet count is a test used to measure the amount of platelets found in the blood. A
high platelet count is referred to as: thrombocytosis. A high count is considered 400,000
platelets/mCL or more. It can be caused by polycythemia vera, cancer, allergic
reactions, and recent spleen removal.
A liver biopsy can be performed by all of the following, except:
Radiologist
Hepatologist
Gastroenterologist
Proctologist. - ANS-Proctologist.
Liver biopsies are done by inserting a needle between two lower ribs on the right side to
take a sample of liver tissue. A liver biopsy examines liver tissue under a microscope
and checks for any liver problems. It can help find the cause of jaundice. It can also
check on the status of liver cancer, hepatitis, and cirrhosis. It can be performed by a
gastroenterologist, hepatologist, surgeon, or radiologist. After the test, the patient will lie
on his right side for 2 to 6 hours after the test concludes. Risks include: peritonitis, injury
to the intestines, gallbladder, and kidneys, pneumothorax, and bleeding.
A patient presents with difficulty breathing when lying down. These symptoms most
likely represent:
Latent
Fowler
Orthopnea
Convalescent - ANS-orthopnea
Orthopnea is classified as a respiratory condition. With orthopnea, the patient has a
hard time breathing while lying down. However, the patient does not exhibit difficulty
breathing when standing up or sitting.
A patient with a history congestive heart failure undergoes a right heart catheterization
procedure. A Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted through the right atrium, then through
the right ventricle and progressed into the pulmonary artery.
A Swan-Ganz catheter is used for:
, Repairing a vein
Calculating respiratory rates
Bypassing an artery
Measuring heart functions - ANS-Measuring heart functions
A Swan-Ganz catheter is a tube that is inserted into the right side of the heart and then
into the arteries. Once inserted, the catheter's balloon is inflated. The Swan-Ganz
catheter is used to monitor the functioning of the heart, the heart's blood flow, and
measure pressures of the right side of the heart and pressures in the pulmonary artery.
Also, when a Swan-Ganz catheter is utilized, the catheter has the ability to analyze the
heart for heart failure such as the patient in the scenario who has congestive heart
failure. The catheter is often used to monitor medication and the medications impact on
the heart, to name a few.
A patient with pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia has undergone a chest x-ray. Which of
the following findings would most likely be found on the image for this patient?
linear streaks
lymphatic lines
toxins
airspace infiltrates - ANS-airspace infiltrates
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, formerly known as pneumocystis carinii, can be
confirmed through a chest x-ray, bronchoscopy with lavage, biopsy of the lung, sputum
collection, or blood gases. On an x-ray, patients with pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
will mostly likely demonstrate airspace infiltrates (fluid, bacteria, pus, white cells or other
exudate fills the airspaces in the alveoli and bronchioles) or air bronchograms (air in the
bronchi) on the image.
Prior to a chest x-ray or other diagnostic test, a patient with pneumocystis jiroveci
pneumonia can exhibit coughing, shortness of breath (dyspnea), respiratory failure,
elevated white blood cells and a fever.
A radiograph of an AP projection of the foot shows equal distance between the second,
third, fourth, and fifth metatarsals. What does the spacing between the metatarsals best
represent?
Overrotation of the foot
No rotation of the long axis of the foot
Misalignment of the foot to the image receptor
Collimation borders are not apparent - ANS-No rotation of the long axis of the foot
The AP projection of the foot is also referred to as a dorsoplantar projection. This
projection is performed to detect fractures, abnormal joint spaces, soft tissue effusion
and regions of the body where opaque foreign bodies may exist.
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