Exam (elaborations)
PCOL 838 Final (2)
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Exam of 9 pages for the course Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA at Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA (PCOL 838 Final (2))
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PCOL 838 Finalwhat are the four major iselet cell types and their functions? - ANS-- beta cells = secrete
insulin (60%)
- alpha cells = secrete glucagon (30%)
- delta cells = secrete somatostatin (10%)
- pancreatic polypeptide secreting cell (1%)
what is the effect of alpha cells (glucagon) on other islet cells? - ANS-it stimulates beta
cells (insulin) and delta cells (somatostatin)
what is the effect of delta cells (somatostatin) on other islet cells? - ANS-it inhibits beta
cells (insulin) and alpha cells (glucagon)
what is the effect of beta cells (insulin) on other islet cells? - ANS-it inhibits alpha cells
(glucagon)
what do beta cells secrete?
a. insulin
b. glucagon
c. somatostatin - ANS-a. insulin
what do alpha cells secrete?
a. insulin
b. glucagon
c. somatostatin - ANS-b. glucagon
what do delta cells secrete?
a. insulin
, b. glucagon
c. somatostatin - ANS-c. somatostatin
what does the presence of C peptide mean? - ANS-it means insulin is being made
what is the effect of insulin responsive cells (IRCs) on the body? - ANS-- liver and
muscle = decrease gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
- adipocytes = increased lipogenesis and adipogenesis
how is glucose transported into the cell? - ANS-GLUT4 transporter fuses with the
membrane and causes glucose uptake
what is the end result of PI3K signaling?
a. necrosis
b. phagocytosis
c. apoptosis
d. entosis - ANS-c. apoptosis
(T/F) insulin inhibits glucose uptake, glycogen and protein synthesis in muscles -
ANS-false, it stimulates
what is the effect of insulin on adipocytes? - ANS-insulin inhibits fatty acid oxidation in
the liver, which produces acetoacetone and 3-hydroxybutyrate (both used by brain when
glucose is not available)
what are some adverse effects of insulin deficiency? - ANS-- glycosuria
- decreased glucose uptake = diuresis
- increased protein catabolism = nitrogen in urine
- increased lipolysis = ketoneuria
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