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ansc 201 final exam-new material.
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ansc 201 final exam-new materialadrenalin - ANS-if mother is frightened, vasoconstriction will occur
-reduces oxytocin flow
alleles - ANS-Different forms of a gene
allelic - ANS-occur between corresponding genes on homologous chromosomes
blood precursors- milk synthesis - ANS-1. water
2. lactose
3. proteins
4. lipids
5. minerals
6. vitamins
chromosomes contain - ANS-genes
codes for amino acids - ANS--triple codes or codons (RNA)
-sequences of 3 bases, 64 possible codes
-several codes may designate the same amino acid
codominace - ANS-when two alleles are both expressed in the heterozygote
common environmental effect - ANS-feed supply, temperature, housing, light, etc.
-must attempt to standardize environmental effects in genetic conditions
crossbreeding - ANS--mating two animals in same species but different breeds
-maximizes heterosis and breed complementation
cycle of lactation - ANS-1. synthesis
2. secretion
3. rest/regenerate
DNA compostion - ANS--five carbon sugar: deoxyribose (ribose in RNA)
-phosphate
-nitrogenous bases
-double helix
, DNA replication - ANS-ensure precise inheritance
-base pairings creates identical double helixes when replicated
effects of inbreeding - ANS-increases homozygosity, may have detrimental effects
-lower reproductive performance, lower growth
epitheal cells - ANS-make/synthesize milk
estrogen- mammary system - ANS-responsible for duct and cistern growth beginning at
puberty. (growth becomes allometric- or faster than rest of body)
evidence of genetic change - ANS-size in horses, meat to bone ratio in turkeys, back fat
in swine
For each pound of milk produced, how many pounds of blood must pass through the
udder? - ANS-400 lbs
general comment- for selection of animals for mating - ANS-1. usually able to more
intensively
2. heritability of traits must be considered as well
3. traits with economic value are important
generation interval - ANS-average age of parents when offspring are born
-approx. 2 years in swine, 3-4 years in dairy cattle, 5-6 years in beef cattle
genes - ANS-the functional units of inheritance
-govern how each traits develops
-segments of DNA
Genes include - ANS-direction for organization and metabolism of cells
genetic gain/year - ANS-(heritability x selection differential) / generation interval in years
genetics - ANS--study of heredity
-at least 4000 years old, egyptians
-modern genetics, mendel
genome - ANS-entire genetic material of an animal
genotype - ANS-genetic makeup
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