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Immunology Kuby Chapter 4 Receptors and Signaling_ Cytokines and Chemokines.
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Immunology Kuby Chapter 4 Receptors and Signaling_ Cytokines and Chemokines.
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Immunology Kuby Chapter 4 Receptorsand Signaling: Cytokines and Chemokines
1. A(n) ____ is a molecule that is used by immune cells for communication.
A. chemoattractant
B. chemokine
C. cytokine
D. interleukin
E. All of the above - ANS-Answer: E
Section: Introduction
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Immune cells use several cell types to communicate, activate, and regulate each
other.
2. Which of the following is NOT a property of cytokines?
A. Induce apoptosis (programmed cell death)
B. Induce cell motility
C. Membrane-bound signaling molecule
D. Soluble signaling molecule
E. Upregulate transcription - ANS-Answer: B
Section: Introduction
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Cytokines regulate cell activation and regulation.
3. ______ are responsible for recruiting immune cells to a specific location within the
body, organ, or tissue.
A. Chemokines
B. Immunoglobulins
C. G proteins
D. Receptors
E. None of the above - ANS-Answer: A
Section: Introduction
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Chemokines are a type of chemoattractant specific to the immune system.
, 4. The activity of most cytokines is BEST described as:
A. autocrine.
B. paracrine.
C. endocrine.
D. Both A and B
E. Both B and C - ANS-Answer: D
Section: Introduction
Difficulty: 1
Hint: As a general rule, cytokines stimulate themselves or neighboring cells.
5. Differentiate between endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine. Provide an example of a
cytokine that demonstrates such activity. (Different cytokines may be listed for each
term.) - ANS-Answer: See below table.
Autocrine Paracrine Endocrine
Definition Signal stimulates cell that released the signal (self-stimulation) Signal
stimulates neighboring cell Signal stimulates cell in another organ; pass through
bloodstream before binding receptor
Example IL-2 (T-cell differentiation to memory Ts and cytotoxic Ts [CTL])
IL-2 (stimulates B-cell proliferation, e.g., secondary immune organs—lymph node,
spleen) IL-2 (causes activation of NK cells that may be present in close proximity or far
away)
Section: Introduction
Difficulty: 3
Hint: Cytokines function to stimulate self, neighboring cells, and cells that are far away.
6. What determines if a particular cell will be acted up on by a cytokine?
A. A high local concentration of the cytokine molecule
B. Location of the cell releasing the cytokine
C. Presence or absence of a cytokine receptor
D. Two different cytokines binding the receiving cell
E. Both A and C - ANS-Answer: C
Section: General Properties of Cytokines and Chemokines
Difficulty: 1
Hint: All chemical signals must be detected by a receptor molecule.
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