Florida Reading Endorsement Exam Study Guide with Answers

Florida Reading Endorsement Exam Study Guide with Answers B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, and John Watson - ️️ - Behaviorists/External rewards Jean Piaget - ️️ - 4 stages of cognitive development Piaget's Stage 1 - ️️ - Sensorimotor: Birth to 2 years old -Need for external stimulation -Thinking is doing -Challenge: things do not exist when they are out of sight Piaget's Stage 2 - ️️ - Preoperational stage: 2 to 7 years old -Ability to think logically and symbolically -Rapid language development -Classification, categorization, counting, sorting, and manipulating -Challenge: Failure of conservation (understanding the properties of objects -Challenge: ego-centrism (believes everyone sees the world as they do, cannot appreciate other perspectives Piaget's Stage 3 - ️️ - Concrete operations stage: 7 to 12 years old -Local analysis, realizes difference between odd and even numbers -Empathy for others Understanding of cause and effects relationships -Challenge: inability for abstract understanding (e.g. adding one to an odd number will make an even number) Piaget's Stage 4 - ️️ - Formal operation stage: 12 years - on.. -Abstract reasoning (thinking hypothetically) -Meta-cognition (thinking about own thinking) -Dependent on exposure to scientific principles (this final stage is only due to specific environments) Lev Vygotsky - ️️ - zone of proximal development zone of proximal development - ️️ - In Vygotsky's theory, the range between children's present level of knowledge and their potential knowledge state if they receive proper guidance and instruction. Someone with knowledge more than the learner, Social interactions, scaffolding Frank Smith - ️️ - Whole language. reading, writing and communication. Louise Rosenblatt - ️️ - Constructivism. real world experiences. Reading a response journal and relating it to oneself. Noam Chomsky - ️️ - th