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Samenvatting Metabolisme en Spierfysiologie

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Een uitgebreide samenvatting van alle leerstof voor Metabolisme en Spierfysiologie. Deze samenvatting is gemaakt vanuit de leerdoelen en m.b.v. de powerpoints en het boek. Metabolisme en Spierfysiologie is het tweede gedeelde van Humane Fysiologie. Voor het eerste onderdeel "Fysiologische Regulati...

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  • June 12, 2019
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  • 2018/2019
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VL422 FYSMES


Samenvatting Humane Fysiologie: Metabolisme en Spierfysiologie
Thema 1: Algemene introductie van Metabolisme en Spierfysiologie
Thema 2: Spijsverteringssysteem
Thema 3: Ademhalingssysteem
Thema 4: Cardiovasculaire systeem
Thema 5: Vasculaire systeem
Thema 6 :Spieren


Inhoudsopgave
College 1: Algemene introductie ..................................................................................................................... 4
Circulatie (hart en bloedvaten) ................................................................................................................... 4
Spieren ........................................................................................................................................................ 4
Energie voorraad ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Vloeistof en elektrolyten balans.................................................................................................................. 6
Vermoeidheid en gevolgen ......................................................................................................................... 6
Shock ........................................................................................................................................................... 7
College 2: Spijsverteringssysteem (1): Bouw en digestieprocessen................................................................ 8
Anatomie en opbouw van het maag-darmkanaal ....................................................................................... 8
Processen in het maag-darmkanaal .......................................................................................................... 11
Secretie.................................................................................................................................................. 11
Motiliteit................................................................................................................................................ 12
Digestie en absorptie van voedingsstoffen ........................................................................................... 12
Regulatie.................................................................................................................................................... 13
College 3: Spijsverteringssysteem (2): Aansturen digestieprocessen ........................................................... 14
Fasen van vertering ................................................................................................................................... 14
Betrokken cellen en factoren van de gastrische fase ................................................................................ 14
Betrokken cellen en factoren van de intestinale fase ............................................................................... 15
Anatomie en functie van de dikke darm ................................................................................................... 16
College 4: Ademhalingssysteem (1): Bouw en ventilatiemechanisme .......................................................... 18
Opbouw en functie ademhalingssysteem ................................................................................................. 18
Anatomie ............................................................................................................................................... 18
Gaswetten ................................................................................................................................................. 19
Dalton’s Law .......................................................................................................................................... 19
Boyle’s Law ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Henry’s Law ........................................................................................................................................... 20
Ventilatie ................................................................................................................................................... 20
Compliantie VS elasticiteit..................................................................................................................... 20


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De wet van LaPlace................................................................................................................................ 21
Wet van Hagen-Poiseuille ..................................................................................................................... 21
College 5: Ademhalingssysteem (2): Gasuitwisseling en transport .............................................................. 22
Transport van gassen in het bloed ............................................................................................................ 22
Gasuitwisseling long → Bloed → Weefsel ................................................................................................. 22
Formules .................................................................................................................................................... 24
College 6: Cardiovasculaire systeem (1): het hart, bouw en prikkelgeleiding .............................................. 25
Historie ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Opbouw en functie van het hart ............................................................................................................... 25
Contractie zonder innervatie .................................................................................................................... 27
Actiepotentialen ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Autoritmische myocardcellen ............................................................................................................... 28
Contractiele myocardcellen .................................................................................................................. 28
College 7: Hart (2): ECG en druk-volume relatie ........................................................................................... 30
ECG De Electrocardiogram ........................................................................................................................ 30
Afwijkingen die zijn af te leiden uit de ECG ........................................................................................... 31
De hartcyclus ............................................................................................................................................. 32
LV grafiek (left ventriculair druk-volume verandering) ......................................................................... 32
Wiggers diagram ....................................................................................................................................... 33
Autonome bijsturing van het hartritme .................................................................................................... 34
College 8: Vasculaire systeem (1): Anatomie en bloeddrukregulatie ........................................................... 36
Bouw en functie bloedvaten ..................................................................................................................... 36
Bloeddruk, weerstand en flow .................................................................................................................. 36
Vasoconstrictie vs vasodilatatie ................................................................................................................ 37
Regulatie bloeddruk .................................................................................................................................. 38
College 9: Vasculaire systeem (2): Vloeistof uitwisseling capillair ................................................................ 40
Vloeistofregulatie in capillairen ................................................................................................................ 40
Lymfatisch systeem ................................................................................................................................... 41
Atherosclerose .......................................................................................................................................... 41
College 10: Spieren (1): Skeletspierweefsel .................................................................................................. 42
Anatomie en opbouw van het skeletspierweefsel .................................................................................... 42
Structuur en onderdelen van de spier................................................................................................... 42
Myosine ................................................................................................................................................. 43
Actine .................................................................................................................................................... 44
Contractie creeërt kracht .......................................................................................................................... 44


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ATP voorziening......................................................................................................................................... 46
College 11: Spieren (2): Skelet- en gladspierweefsel .................................................................................... 48
Spankracht, sommatie, tetanus en motor unit ......................................................................................... 48
Isotonische vs isometrische contractie ..................................................................................................... 48
Gladspierweefsel (SMC) ............................................................................................................................ 49
Bijlagen .......................................................................................................................................................... 53
RAAS systeem ............................................................................................................................................ 53
Dehydratie ................................................................................................................................................. 54
Samenvatting van alle drie de soorten spiercellen ................................................................................... 55




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College 1: Algemene introductie
Circulatie (hart en bloedvaten)
Bloed wordt door het lichaam verdeeld door vasodilatatie en-constrictie. Zo kan er bij het sympathisch
zenuwstelsel meer zuurstof bij de skeletspieren terecht komen en krijgt het brein iets minder zuurstof.
• Sympathisch zenuwstelsel: CO omhoog, R omhoog
• CO wordt groter bij inspanning
• Longen = kleine bloedsomloop
• Systeem = grote bloedsomloop

CO of Qt = Cardiac Output = Hartminuutvolume = Hoeveelheid bloed per minuut in L.
R = Weerstand

Het hart buiten het lichaam zal nog enkele minuten door kunnen kloppen bij de juiste buffer, die sowieso
Calcium bevat.

Verminderde hartklepwerking
Bij een verminderde werking van de linker hart kleppen (atrium naar ventrikel) zal er bloed terug stromen
naar de longen. Hierdoor verhoogd de druk en zal een vocht uittreden. Er komt vocht in de longen, er zal
benauwdheid optreden. (zie college 6)


Spieren
Er zijn drie soorten spiergroepen:
1) Dwarsgestreept spierweefsel (ook wel skeletspierweefsel genoemd). Deze is het meeste
aanwezig in je lichaam. Wordt besproken in college 8 en 9.
2) Hartspierweefsel. Wordt besproken in college 6.
3) Gladspierweefsel. Wordt besproken in college 11.




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