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C++ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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C++ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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C++ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024abstract class - ANS-a class that can only be used as a base class for some other
class. A class is abstract if it has at least one pure virtual function.
access control - ANS-a C++ mechanism for prohibiting or granting access to individual
members of a class.
access declaration - ANS-a way of controlling access to a specified member of a base
class when it is used in a derived class.
access specifier - ANS-a way of labeling members of a class to specify what access is
permitted.
aggregate - ANS-an array or object of a class with no constructors, no private or
protected members, no base classes, and no virtual functions.
allocation - ANS-the process of giving memory space to an object.
ANSI - ANS-acronym for American National Standards Institute, a standards body
currently standardizing C++.
argument - ANS-when calling a function, refers to the actual values passed to the
function.
argument matching - ANS-the process of determining which of a set of functions of a
specified name matches given arguments in a function call.
ARM - ANS-acronym for the book The C++ Annotated Reference Manual, a C++
reference book by Ellis and Stroustrup.
array - ANS-an ordered and index-able sequence of values. C++ supports arrays of a
single dimension (a vector) or of multiple dimensions.
asm - ANS-C++ keyword used to specify assembly language in the middle of C++ code.
assignment - ANS-the process of giving a value to a preexisting object.
assignment operator - ANS-an operator for doing assignment.
,auto - ANS-a C++ keyword used to declare a stack-based local variable in a function.
This is the default and is normally not needed.
base class - ANS-a class that serves as a base for a derived class to inherit members
from.
bit field - ANS-a member of a class that represents small integral values.
bitwise copy - ANS-to copy an object without regard to its structure or members.
bool - ANS-C++ keyword used to declare a Boolean data type.
break - ANS-C++ keyword used to specify a statement that is used to break out of a for
or while loop or out of a switch statement.
browser - ANS-a software development tool used for viewing class declarations and the
class hierarchy.
built - ANS-in type - see fundamental type.
C - ANS-a programming language in widespread use. C++ is based on C.
C style string - ANS-refers to a char* and to the contents of any dynamic storage it may
point at. C++ does not have true strings as part of the language proper, though a
standard string class library is envisioned as part of the ANSI standardization effort.
call by reference - ANS-passing a pointer to an argument to a function. The function can
then change the argument value.
call by value - ANS-passing a copy of an argument to a function. The function cannot
then change the argument value. C and C++ use call by value argument passing.
calling conventions - ANS-refers to the system-specific details of just how the
arguments to a function are passed. For example, the order in which they are passed
on the stack or placed in machine registers.
case - ANS-a C++ keyword used to denote an individual element of a switch statement.
cast - ANS-a way of doing explicit type conversion via a cast operator.
,catch - ANS-a C++ keyword used to declare an exception handler.
cerr - ANS-in C++ stream I/O, the standard error stream.
cfront - ANS-a C++ front end that translates C++ source code to C code, which is then
compiled via a C compiler. Originally developed by AT&T Bell Labs in the mid-1980s.
char - ANS-a C++ keyword used to declare an object of character type. Often
considered the same as a byte, though it is possible to have multi-byte characters.
cin - ANS-in C++ stream I/O, the standard input stream.
class - ANS-a C++ keyword used to declare the fundamental building block of C++
programs. A class has a tag, members, access control mechanisms, and so on.
class hierarchy - ANS-see base class, derived class.
class layout - ANS-the way in which data class members are arranged in a class object.
class library - ANS-a set of related classes declared in header files and defined in object
files.
class member - ANS-a constituent member of a class, such as a data declaration, a
function, or a nested class.
class template - ANS-a template used for generating class types.
comments - ANS-C++ has C-style comments delimited with /* and */, and new
C++-style line-oriented comments starting with //.
compilation unit - ANS-see translation unit.
compiler - ANS-a software tool that converts a language such as C++ into a different
form, typically assembly language.
const - ANS-a C++ keyword used to declare an object as constant or used to declare a
constant parameter.
, const_cast - ANS-a C++ keyword used as a style of cast for explicitly casting away
const.
constant - ANS-a literal or variable declared as const.
constant expression - ANS-a C++ expression that can be evaluated by the compiler.
Used to declare bounds for an array among other things.
constructor - ANS-a function called when a class object comes into scope. The
constructor is used to initialize the object.
container class - ANS-a type of class or template that is used to hold objects of other
types. Lists and stacks would be examples of container classes.
continue - ANS-C++ keyword used with for and while statements to continue the
iteration at the top of the loop.
conversion - ANS-to convert from one data type to another.
copy constructor - ANS-a special type of constructor that is called when an object is
copied.
cout - ANS-in C++ stream I/O, the standard output stream.
data abstraction - ANS-the idea of defining a data representation (for example, to
represent a calendar date), and a set of operations to manipulate that representation,
with no public access to the representation except via the operations.
deallocation - ANS-the processing of freeing memory space previously used by an
object.
debugger - ANS-a tool for stepping through the execution of a program, examining
variables, setting breakpoints, and so on.
declaration - ANS-a C++ entity that introduces one or more names into a program.
declaration statement - ANS-a declaration in the form of a statement that may be used
in C++ where statements would normally be used.
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