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PLS 2010-29 Midterm #2 Study Guide.
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PLS 2010-29 Midterm #2 Study Guide1996 Telecommunications Act - ANS-federal legislation that deregulated radio
ownership rules and the communications media; it opened the U.S. telecommunications
industry to competition
3rd Party Spoiler Effect - ANS-The effect of vote splitting between candidates or ballot
questions who often have similar ideologies. One spoiler candidate's presence in the
election draws votes from a major candidate with similar politics, thereby causing a
strong opponent of both or several to win.
Brinkmanship - ANS-Pushing strength and using strong talk to the brink of conflict; used
by countries with much power in order to enact foreign policy
Brinkmanship example from US - North Korea - ANS-US brandished much of its power
in reaction to North Korea's nuclear threats, demonstrating it was not afraid to exercise
force against NK. North Korea backed down, leading to cooperative discussions
surrounding North Korean nuclear arms.
Bull Moose Party - ANS-The Republicans were badly split in the 1912 election, so
Roosevelt broke away forming his own Progressive Party (or Bull Moose Party because
he was "fit as a bull moose..."). His loss led to the election of Democratic nominee
Woodrow Wilson, but he gained more third party votes than ever before.
California Ballot initiative program - ANS-The ballot initiative process gives Californian
citizens a way to propose laws and constitutional amendments without the support of
the Governor or the Legislature.
Campaign financing as a source of political influence - ANS-Campaign finance, also
known as election finance, refers to all funds raised to promote candidates, political
parties, or policy initiatives and referenda. The amount of campaign financing is
proportional to the effectiveness of its political influence
Cartel Party - ANS-leading parties that exploit their combined dominance of the political
market to establish rules of the game, such as public funding, which reinforces its own
strong position
catch-all parties - ANS-political parties that are flexible on their ideological positions and
aim to attract support from a broad range of interest groups and voters
, Challenges in information we receive - ANS-Media is a primary source of political
information for voters; media has a profound effect on public policy because most
people rely on the information from the media to make their choices in an election. If
media doesn't cover a top, most Americans will not learn about it.
citizen journalism - ANS-news reported and distributed by citizens, rather than
professional journalists and for-profit news organizations
closed primary system - ANS-a nomination system where only members of the party are
allowed to participate
Consolidation of media to Radio and TV - ANS-Allowed for wide coverage but not
necessarily deep coverage
Dakota Access court case - ANS-On June 14, 2017, federal judge James Boasberg
ruled that "the Court agrees that [the Army Corps of Engineers] did not adequately
consider the impacts of an oil spill on fishing rights, hunting rights, or environmental
justice, or the degree to which the pipeline's effects are likely to be highly controversial."
Decision-Making process - ANS-Rational decision making is used in a cost-benefit
analysis, which is the idea of finding the best possible personal outcome.
Democratic party and its main ideological beliefs - ANS-The modern Democratic party
emphasizes egalitarianism and social equality through liberalism. They support voting
rights and minority rights, including LGBT rights, multiculturalism, and religious
secularism. Beliefs originate from struggles from the Great Depression and the Civil
Rights Movements
Deterrence - ANS-Military power that makes the cost of attack too high (Amassing an
abundance of nuclear arms)
Deterrence example (MAD) - ANS-Mutually Assured Destruction, a form of deterrence
used in the Cold War where both Eastern and Western forces amassed so much
nuclear power that using it would result in the destruction of life and unbridled collateral
damage.
Difference between Jungle Primaries and Open Primaries - ANS-In open primaries
voters may pick candidates regardless of their own party registration, but may only
choose among candidates from a single party of the voter's choice. A blanket primary
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