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APR 303 EXAM 2
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Exam of 18 pages for the course Accounting 405 at Accounting 405 (APR 303 EXAM 2)
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APR 303 EXAM 24 steps of the decision making framework - ANS-1. Question
2. Curate
3. Analyze
4. Optimize
Descriptive questions ask - ANS-what happened (ex: how many active users did we
have yesterday?)
Diagnostic questions ask - ANS-why something happened
Predictive questions ask - ANS-what will happen in the future
Prescriptive questions ask - ANS-how we can make something happen
Curate: - ANS-to collect and organize data
Optimize: - ANS-translate data into actions
Business data - ANS-operational data on customers, transactions, processes, sales,
employees, and partners
Business data is often referred to as.... - ANS-primary data
Data broker - ANS-an entity that collects and stores personal information about
consumers, then sells that information to other organizations
measurement error - ANS-data collected from a non representative sample
data entry error - ANS-data is incorrectly recorded
data integration error - ANS-data is imported or joined with other sources incorrectly
calculation error - ANS-inaccurate formulas or calculations produce invalid outputs
data cleaning - ANS-the process of manually updating data to be consistent, accurate,
and complete
,Metadata - ANS-data about data (ex: when the data was imported)
Taxonomy - ANS-classifying data variables into categories (a form of metadata)
4 publics that help facilitate success: - ANS-Media, Opinion leaders, allies, regulators
Haagan-Dazs Case Study - ANS-Highlighted the importance of the honey bee, where
invited to congress to speak for their work
Data is a.... - ANS-RESOURCE
Information focuses on the... - ANS-content and channels of communication. It plays out
as press agentry and public information.
Persuasion focuses on... - ANS-ethical attempts to influence people asymmetric, with a
focus on advocacy and attempts to influence.
Dialogue focuses on... - ANS-conscious interaction of two parties in communication for
the purpose of mutual understanding in a symmetric relationship.
mathematical theory of communication: - ANS-a theory that identifies a model for
one-way communication, moving from sender to receiver.
cybernetic model of communication: - ANS-is a theory that identifies a model for
two-way communication, moving from sender to receiver and returning via feedback.
Both the sender and receiver decode and encode messages, which is returned and
creates noise
Cybernetic model flow (circle): - ANS-Sender --> encoding --> sends message-->
decoding --> receiver --> encoding --> sends feeback (potential for noise)
--> decoding --> sender.... etc.... etc....
sender - ANS-the person or organization originating communication, crafts a message,
the content of communication, using verbal and/or nonverbal symbols.
encoding: - ANS-a process in creating a message with a specific meaning that can be
interpreted by a receiver with approximately the same meaning
decoding: - ANS-a process by a message receiver in interpreting the intended message
of the sender.
, feedback: - ANS-communication by a message receiver sent back to the sender.
Noise - ANS-is any interference that limits the ability of the channel to carry a message
faithfully from sender to receiver. Such interference can be in the encoding or decoding
of the message or in the channels used to transmit the message. Noise may be
physical, psychological, semantic, or demographic.
persuasion: - ANS-is a conceptual approach to communication that focuses on ethical
attempts to influence people.
propaganda: - ANS-a debasement of persuasive communication associated with
half-truths and hidden agendas.
Dialogue - ANS-is a conceptual model of communication that focuses on conscious
interaction of two parties in communication for the purpose of mutual understanding in a
symbiotic relationship.
Dialogue involves four goals useful to public relations: - ANS-1. Nurturing a sincere
information exchange between individuals or groups.
2. Helping communication partners make responsible and mutually acceptable
decisions.
3. Reviving the original vitality of a relationship.
4. Deepening a relationship that continues to unite communication partners ever more
closely.
Two management practices of dialogue: - ANS-- Consensus building identifies and then
prevents or overcomes barriers between people and/or organizations.
- Conflict resolution involves making peace and restoring harmony, with communication
as the primary tool.
rhetoric: - ANS-the art of using words effectively in speaking and writing for the purpose
of influencing, persuading, or entertaining.
verbal evidence: - ANS-a type of proof claim in a discussion or argument based not on
physical evidence but rather on words and ideas.
apologetics: - ANS-the systematic attempt to explain the reasonableness of religious
faith and to refute opposing arguments, and homiletics, the study and application of
effective communication for preaching.
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