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Samenvatting Tweede Jaar Podologie ONCOLOGIE
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By: basilebatier • 3 year ago
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ONCOLOGIEINZICHT IN PODOLOGISCH GERELATEERDE PATHOLOGIE
, ONCOLOGIE 2
ONCOLOGIE .................................................................................................................................... 5
Inzicht in de podologisch gerelateerde pathologie............................................................................. 5
1. INLEIDING ............................................................................................................................. 5
Wat is oncologie? ...................................................................................................................... 5
Kanker in cijfers ......................................................................................................................... 5
Ontstaan van kanker.................................................................................................................. 6
Preventie – screening ................................................................................................................ 7
2. FUNDAMENTELE ASPECTEN VAN KANKER ...................................................................... 7
Cel en tumorbiologie .................................................................................................................. 7
Goedaardige ↔ kwaadaardige tumoren .................................................................................... 8
Metastasering ............................................................................................................................ 9
Classificatie van tumoren ........................................................................................................... 9
Enkele begrippen ..................................................................................................................... 12
3. PALLIATIEVE ZORG ........................................................................................................... 13
4. ONCOLOGISCHE DIAGNOSTIEK ....................................................................................... 15
5. BEHANDELINGSMODALITEITEN ....................................................................................... 17
6. LOKALE BEHANDELINGEN ................................................................................................ 17
7. CHIRURGIE ......................................................................................................................... 18
4. Adjuvante chirurgie.................................................................................................................. 18
8. RADIOTHERAPIE ................................................................................................................ 19
Hoe werkt radiotherapie? ......................................................................................................... 19
Traject uitwendige bestraling ................................................................................................... 21
Brachytherapie ........................................................................................................................ 22
Nevenwerkingen ...................................................................................................................... 23
Evoluties .................................................................................................................................. 25
Radioprotectie ......................................................................................................................... 25
9. ANTITUMORALE MIDDELEN .............................................................................................. 26
10. ANTI-HORMONALE BEHANDELING ............................................................................... 26
Wat? ........................................................................................................................................ 26
Hoe? ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Werkingsmechanismen en vormen .......................................................................................... 27
Bijwerkingen ............................................................................................................................ 28
Aandachtspunten ..................................................................................................................... 28
11. CYTOSTATICA ................................................................................................................ 29
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................... 29
, ONCOLOGIE 3
Indeling en werking .................................................................................................................. 30
Therapiekeuze ......................................................................................................................... 30
Toedieningswegen................................................................................................................... 30
Verloop van de behandeling .................................................................................................... 32
Nevenwerkingen ...................................................................................................................... 33
Veilig omgaan met cytostatica ................................................................................................. 39
12. DOELGERICHTE BEHANDELING ................................................................................... 40
Werkingsmechanisme ............................................................................................................. 40
Soorten .................................................................................................................................... 42
Bijwerkingen ............................................................................................................................ 42
13. IMMUNOTHERAPIE ......................................................................................................... 44
14. COMPLEMENTAIRE BEHANDELINGEN ......................................................................... 45
15. PATHOLOGIEËN ............................................................................................................. 46
16. BOTTUMOREN ................................................................................................................ 46
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................... 46
Indeling .................................................................................................................................... 47
Behandeling............................................................................................................................. 47
Specifieke zorgproblematiek – mogelijke interventies .............................................................. 49
17. ONCOLOGIE .................................................................................................................... 50
Diagnosestelling ...................................................................................................................... 50
Types mammacarcinoom......................................................................................................... 52
Behandeling curatieve ziekte ................................................................................................... 52
Behandeling gemetastaseerde ziekte ...................................................................................... 54
Specifieke aandachtspunten .................................................................................................... 55
18. RESPIRATOIRE ONCOLOGIE......................................................................................... 56
Longkanker .............................................................................................................................. 56
Diagnostiek .............................................................................................................................. 56
Niet-kleincellig longcarcinoom NSCLC..................................................................................... 57
Kleincellig longcarcinoom SCLC .............................................................................................. 59
Mesothelioom .......................................................................................................................... 59
Aandachtspunten ..................................................................................................................... 60
19. UROLOGISCHE ONCOLOGIE ......................................................................................... 60
Diagnostiek .............................................................................................................................. 61
Behandeling............................................................................................................................. 62
Aandachtspunten ..................................................................................................................... 64
20. DIGESTIEVE ONCOLOGIE.............................................................................................. 65
, ONCOLOGIE 4
Colorectaal carcinoom ............................................................................................................. 66
Diagnostiek .............................................................................................................................. 67
Behandeling............................................................................................................................. 67
21. HUIDTUMOREN ............................................................................................................... 68
Pre-maligne aandoeningen ...................................................................................................... 68
Maligne aandoeningen ............................................................................................................ 69
Basaalcarcinoom ..................................................................................................................... 70
Plaveiselcelcarcinoom ............................................................................................................. 70
Melanoom ................................................................................................................................ 70
Specifieke aandachtspunten .................................................................................................... 71
22. MULTIDISCIPLINAIRE BENADERING ............................................................................. 72
23. Psychosociale thema’s ..................................................................................................... 73
Voeding ................................................................................................................................... 73
Oncologische revalidatie .......................................................................................................... 73
Klinische studies ...................................................................................................................... 74
Lotgenotencontact ................................................................................................................... 75
Kanker en werk(-hervatting) ..................................................................................................... 75
, HC1 ONCOLOGIE 5
ONCOLOGIE
Inzicht in de podologisch gerelateerde pathologie
1. INLEIDING
Wat is oncologie?
Kanker = een verzamelnaam voor meer dan 100 verschillende ziekten. Al deze verschillende
soorten kanker hebben één gemeenschappelijk kenmerk: een ongeremde deling van
lichaamscellen.
Overzicht lesinhoud
1. Kanker in cijfers
2. Preventie/screening
3. Ontstaan van kanker
4. Behandelingen en nevenwerkingen
5. De belangrijkste pathologieën
6. Multidisciplinair team
7. …
Kanker in cijfers
• Nieuwe diagnosen in België in 2015:
o 67 087 mensen
o = 184 mensen/dag (= 8 mensen per uur!)
• Mannen: 35 709
• Vrouwen: 31 378
• Kinderen < 1% van alle gevallen (0-19 jaar)
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