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DCUSH 1302 Final Exam
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DCUSH 1302 Final Exam
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DCUSH 1302 Final ExamInterstate Commerce Act - ANS--Established the Interstate Commerce Commission
which regulated the railroads to make them 'reasonable and just'.
John D. Rockefeller - ANS--Standard Oil Company. He controlled 90% of the nations oil
refining.
-Set up 'trusts' to help keep control of the business in each state, without allowing for
state regulations.
-After declared to end his trusts, he created 'holding' companies
-horizontal integration
-philanthropist (despite exploiting workers)
Andrew Carnegie - ANS--Steel
-Caused steel industry to grow
-Vertical integration
-Gospel of Wealth
-Carnegie Hall
Social Darwinism - ANS--Idea introduced by Herbert Spencer.
-Survival of the fittest applied to society.
-Wealthy people were rich because they were fit to be rich and shouldn't be prevented
from acquiring more wealth.
-People who did not want govt. intervention used this to their advantage.
Herbert Spencer - ANS-introduced Social Darwinism
Dawes Severalty Act - ANS-1887: surveyed native lands, apportioned the natives each
160 acres to farm individually.
-If they assimilated to the customs of the white man.
-Surplus of land sold to white settlers.
-Total native lands decreased from 138 millions to 47 million.
Booker T. Washington - ANS--spokesman for equal treatment of blacks
-Emphasized hard work and personal development,rather than rebellion. Pushed for
economic self sufficiency and education.
-Popular figure among white reformers.
-Despite efforts, black rights diminished.
,Pendleton Act - ANS--Limited practice of campaign contributions from federal
employees.
-Established rules on how officials could raise funds.
-Ended spoils system.
Homestead Act - ANS--Settlers can receive a 160-acre plot to settle free, but not
enough to profit from.
-Settlers purchased additional on credit
-Improved plows, barbed wire, and grain silos helped but the burden was hard.
-Lacked water
Subways - ANS--aspect of urbanization and tech development
-allowed rich to move out of cities and poor moved in (creating slums)
Urbanization - ANS--Chicago and other major cities experience boom in population
-Sanitation and usable water problems
-tenement housing: uses dozen in each tiny room leading to bad sanitation
-suburbs for the rich
-subways, electric trains, trolleys (industrialization)
Tenements - ANS-Urban apartment buildings that served as housing. Often poorly
constructed and overcrowded.
Ellis Island - ANS-Immigration processing center that open in New York Harbor in 1892.
"New Immigrants" - ANS--Southern and eastern Europeans
-Italians, Poles, Russian Jews
-Led to new cultures and new targets for Nativism
Political Machine - ANS-a strong party organization that can control political
appointments and deliver votes
Tammany Hall - ANS-A political organization within the Democratic Party in New York
City (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption.
Boss Tweed - ANS-A political boss who carried corruption to new extremes. Led
Tammany Hall
Thomas Nast - ANS--Political cartoonist who exposed Boss Tweed by depicting him as
a criminal and exposing his corruptness.
, -Machines labelled as corrupt but reformers can't defeat them.
Battle of Wounded Knee - ANS-Deaf Sioux doesn't hear a gunshot from Americans and
dies. Battle erupts. Sitting Bull (leader of Sioux Americans) did the Ghost Dance which
made him and his people think they were invincible. Hand to hand combat between
Sioux tribes and US Army. The Army killed 146 Native Americans. 25 US Soldiers died.
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 - ANS--1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from
entering the United States. (was extended to another 10 years)
-Resulted from the Chinese coming to America to find Gold.
Plessy v. Ferguson - ANS--Homer Plessy (1/8th black man) sat in a white car.
He was arrested and appealed the decision on the basis of the 13th and 14th
Amendments.
-Supreme Court upheld courts decision on the basis of "separate but equal"
-Established national law that segregation is legal.
Francis Willard - ANS-Dean of Women at Northwestern University and the president of
the Women's Christian Temperance Union.
Woman's Christian Temperance Union - ANS-Women's organization pushing for
prohibition. Causes other states to accept prohibition (after Oklahoma).
Sherman Antitrust Act - ANS-An 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and
monopolies in the United States. On the basis of the Sherman Antitrust Act the first
monopoly to be broken up was the JP Morgan monopoly over major rail companies.
Spanish-American War - ANS--Caused by US involvement in Cuba. Spanish
ambassador wrote a letter trash-talking US President. Leading to USS Maine monitoring
Cuba.
-Yellow Journalism spread news of the USS Maine sinking (creating sensationalism).
-US is angry about the USS Maine so we enter war.
-George Dewy hit Philippines, combated in Cuba. Rapid enlistment from blacks.
Theodore Roosevelt - ANS-26th President, first modern president. Trustbusting. Rough
Riders. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to
Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of
Russo-Japanese war. Created the Bull Moose Party/Progressive Party after Taft won.
Yellow Journalism - ANS--Popular fanaticism used to sensationalize news stories.
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