Summary Paper 2 history IB Causes and effects of 20th century wars
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Course
IB History
Institution
Kings College London (KCL)
This detailed essay plan dissects the significant political, economic, and social factors that allowed these leaders to rise to power. It delves into the weaknesses of political systems, economic turmoil, effective propaganda, and the use of force. Each section is meticulously structured to provide...
&
1) economic > it in efficient (farming) trade union ineffective WW1 =
Worse
↑
was quite >
↳
-
eat
=
poor people have
nothing to
-
↓
↳ living inPoverty Spanishpeopla tryside
- poor living condition
inflation
- city the city needed modernizationone a
↳ vast different between rich and > most
food shortage
↳
poor eg of lands owned by rich
-
were
3
the
= Tension
industries need modernization ↳ created catholic federation to support the poor
2) Political >
-
government >
-
unhappy population
3 (cortes)
E
constitutional votes for
from 1871
, monarchy a government prime minister
was very
right wing cortes =
corrupted ; and
in the government = small group of
rich people
>
army
-
↳
very powerful
↳ if crisis occur they can take ove r from politician
↳
-
unpopular , brutal expensive (loads of tax) ineffective they were too
big rich people rule reason
why dubsigor
, ,
, ,
the army=
>
-
role of church
↳ run
by
rich
people -> too powerful a
expensive (lots of taxes) a
power a influence
divisions
> between regions
-
↳
Centralist state
3
S Country's very
divided
3 all of independent + tension among them
Catalonia-their own =
currency big >
-
them wanted to be
basque provinces
similar to mussolini
3) fall of the
monarchy a the establishment of 2nd republic ↓
4 Primo diRivera dictator 1930 dissolves BUT king
early 1920s >
many government > 1923 until > the cortess the was there
- - -
= -
↳ 12 unsuccessful government under King Alfonso & also depression > so
-
outd bris
↳ 1931 ,
and republic establish a
king tants
continued
army"
social unres
(1931-1936)
#limited
Short term church a
ba
redistribute land
(1931-1933)
-
4) political polarization
- left wing government
L CEDA
failed be of the depression
extreme right wing
=
I
is formed (1933-1936)
held key position the
↳
in
government
Gil Robles vs Azanc-lef wing made all the
left-wing group
↳ right wing
=
systematically reversed "the black years' > decided
-
to join together
Popular (1936)
front = left wing groups combined (coalition)
)
↳ under Azana > but failed failed
- divided
-
↳ Gil Robles planned the coup against Socialist
"
July 1935-
>
Spain
(and CEDA)
, “Economic factors were the most significant cause of war.” Discuss with
reference to two wars, each chosen from a different region
① Economic factors were significant in causing the Chinese civil war as it provoked resentment or the
peasants towards the middle-upper class and the ruling government.
↳
) population 8 % BUT agriculture only increased stravation countryside
by % > in
grew by 10 -
resentment towards
↳
·
poor economic conditions BUT peasants still need to 80 % of harvests to landlords a high tax to Manchu government >
Wealthy
-
. pay class a
Manchu dynasty
↳ wa s not that
significant BC majority of Chinese we r e lower class -
They did not k n ow much about politics overthrow in 1911
·Supportcommunist
② Arguably, the weakness of the ruling regime was also significant in causing civil wars.
↳ unpopularity of Manchu led Double Revolution ->
government led to Warlordism
government O ve r t h re w occurance of
↳
to Tenth
-
the
significant in
causing con fli c ts
among
↳
regions
peasants suffered >
-
resentment
↳ after the establishment of New China' by Sun Yatsen
,
the
army of wa r l o rd only loyal to them =
harder to
unify China
↳ CCP
) led to the building of C GMD for Control over a
fragment nation
↳ weakness in Manchu dynasty were
significant in China as the failure of government appeal to the
peasants
, like
making them
Pay m o re taxes the to live under such economic condition and
, peasants we re unhappy poor weaken the government
③ Foreign influence was another significant factor in causing the civil war.
↳ Despite the numiliation felt in the f i rst and second opium wa r and the ex t re m e extent of foreign inter ference as a re s u l t of To
,
in 1919 ,
to give the fo r m e r German territory in China to Japanese ignited intense nationalists a anti-foreign sentiments
↳ Opium War >
-
led to Boxer Rebellion in 1900s >
-
but they fa i l e d
)
↳ led 1919 as intellectuals protested ab ou t the foreign influence
to May Four th movement in
,
the inability of the government
and against traditional Chinese cultures
led
Seekformore
ex t re m i st a
↳ significant in
causing the wa r as it causes the revolution
feeling among intellec tuals >
-
↳ Argubly ,
the weakness of
dynasty was m o re
important than foreign inter ference as their failure to re s i st
foreign
invasion led to
humiliation Since the Chinese
thought they we re the middle Kingdom' fo r .
centuries
EV: in china, the most significant cause to the war was the failure of the Manchu dynasty
because the government had not been seen as useful towards the peasants, therefore,
achieving limited support and wanted to overthrow them. It was the collapse of the Manchu
dynasty that caused other events, like warlordism. Although the foreign interference played a
role in making the economic within china weaker than normal due to the foreigner coming into
china and making the Chinese have no jobs, it is still because of the weakness of the Manchu
dynasty that caused the foreign influence within China
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