Summary Paper 2 Authoritarian states essay plan for IB
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Course
IB History
Institution
Kings College London (KCL)
This essay plan provides an in-depth examination of the causes and effects of 20th-century wars, focusing on the Chinese Civil War and the Spanish Civil War. It explores long-term economic and political factors, the impact of foreign influence, and the immediate causes that led to these conflicts. ...
significant in both/more significant for . . .
Than ...
(include historians)
2)
3)
Evidence
Analzye evidence how does the factor
I 1 leader
it show significance or
-
4) Compare/contrast :
similarly / However
5)
[1
Evidence
leader
6) Analyze its effects -
shows insignificance ?
7) Evaluation of perspective -
However
, ...
perspective is challenged as ...
8) Link back to
question by topic sentence
, Emergence
Weak political systems were the most significant factor in the emergence
of authoritarian states. Discuss with reference to two states
For “weak political system” (doesn't say leaders from different regions) Hitler vS Mussolini
P1 : weak political system gave the chance for the leaders to come to power
have
M : the gov ,
did not army's support -
650 , 000 Casualties from W W I - s aw as
mismanagement
↳ nationalists criticized outcome of wo r as 'mutiated peace
1920 -
new gov -
established by giolithi-coalition of popolari ,
liberals
,
moderate socialists still unpopular
Analysis :
unpopular allowed Fascism to gain desperate for political
gov .
support People were a new group that can restore
Italy's
.
power
break of coalition gov eroded public support
H : constant ups .
↳ November criminals' - criticized by civil service C army
groups , judges) a nationalists
Analysis : unpopular gov >
-
political group that can appeal to nationalist sentiment a people's need will grow
↑
but Popolari still biggest
M : election system
-
not as significant as for Hitler as Fascists only had electoral breakthrough in 1921 May
-
won 35 seats in parliament
H : Article 22 proportional representation
-
July 1932 -
Nazi won 230 seats in Parliament
power
EV :
unpopular you election system had but slightly in
Germany became biggest to
effects
significant Nazi rise
as
a same ,
m o re party because Hitter
P2 economic conditions made
peasants desperate and seek for extremists
:
poor
M :
Poor economy led to
expansion of trade Unionist parties and strikes in the countryside
↳ Sep 1920 -
400 , 000 engineering workers occupied factories to prevent employers from looking tem out due to
wage dispute
Giolitti did not Nov 1920 Fascists burned socialists officers and killed 200
↳ respond > down
-
-
abandoned by fascist effective that appealed the need support
Analysis conservatives landowners felt > force to ↑
=
: a gov more
-
H : Wall Street crash led to increased unemployment by 4m
(1929-1932) & E of population no regular wage
Analysis :
During Golden era
,
Nazi vote sharply declined > shows -
depression is significance in
helping Nazi win appeal
4) promised future prosperity >
-
gave peasants hope >
-
↑ support
) political
↑
weakness
> economic weakness
EV Ifgou not so not solve economic problems, people would not have to seek for alternative like the Nazis a Fascists
:
,
was weak a could solutions
,
P3 :
propaganda a
ideology gained popularity for Hitler & Mussolini
II Polpo d'Italia-glorified Fascist vidence a potrayed himself as the of
Italy
M : was a chief editor of s av i o u r
· claimed Italy was
falling into socialist revolution >
-
short ter m events =
March on Rome (28th October 1922) & Backstair intrigue (30th Jan 1933)
)
↳
both occurred due to overwhelming popular support
communism
Analysis provoked fe a r of
among middle a upper classes conservatives made people think Mussolini
:
, especially - was the only
one that can stop it >
-
↑ Support
H :
Goebbels (Minister of
propaganda) published newspaper ,
radios, posters a stopped opponents views from getting to public
businessman Industrialist
·
opposition to communism appealed to landowners a :
Hugenberg formed Marzberg Front to finance Nazielection campaigns
↑ support from upperclasses
>
Nazism both
Analysis Public constantly exposed to peasants in
-
:
Ev :
propaganda a ideology (political weakness
↳ weak gov . made opportunity for all parties like the socialists to gain influence in parliament-but did not have support a
popularity due to ideology fear
,
because of because the weak
↳ Hitler and Mussolini came to power popular support resulting from
propaganda
, not solely government wa s
P4 : use of force
M : Fascist violence (Squadrismo VS Blackshirts) burned down communist offices a beat up socialists -
80 trade unions destroyed by spring 1921
·
Dual policy -
Mussolini encouraged squads to continue violence while distancing himself from i t to win support a conservatives
Analysis :
appeal to upperclasses , intimidating opponents (socialists)
Ev :
Distancing himself from them
may show limitation of use of force as it conflicts with Mussolini's cult of
being disciplined
H : Munich Putsch 1923- failed but wo n the chance for Hitler to write Mein Kampf a spread ideology
↳ SA beat up communists on the streets
Analysis : increased Nazi popularity by intimidating opponents , protecting Hitler on events
, portrayed as strong organization that can
protect country
of force limited Mussolini win appeal enhanced popularity of
Ev :
Italy -
use ability to but the
party
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