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Summary IB biology topic 1
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I introduction of cells① cell size
S
1 m = 1000 mm
1um
=
10 m
1 mm = 1000 um (micrometre
1 nm
=
10 im
1 um = 1000 nm (nanometre
② cell theory
function ideas
cell unit structure and in
living things contains basic
·
: of
·
building block of structure in living things
· smallest unit of life
·
derived from other cells by cell division
·
origin of cell theory (by biologist's experiment)
1) Robert Hook (1662) :
first to use term ' cells' from
his observasion a cock
Leeuwenhoek (1680)
2) Anthonie van
invented microscope with
magnification
, 3) Robert Brown (1831)
observed and named the cell nucleus
4) Matthias Schleiden (1838) & Theodor Schwann (1839)
·
established cell as the natural unit of form and function in living things
· cells are
organism ,
and entire animals and
plants are
aggregated
5) Rudolf Virchow (1856)
established the idea cells arise
cells
only by division of
existing
6) Louis Pastear (1862)
established that life does not
spontaneously generate
③ examining cells
·
magnification : number of times larger an
image is than specimen
· resolution :
ability to separate small objects which are very close together
image size
~
I
=> I AM
=
A M
S
actual size magnification
, What is the
magnification of this picture ?
eg
.
Size of specimen
1) measure image =
95 mm > 95
, 000 um
2) measure scale bar =
19 mm + 19
,
000 um
w
↳ actual (
represent = 0 . 1 mm = 100 um
3) length of cell
=
100 um 95000m
19000 um
C =
actual size)
= 500 Um
Magnification
4) I =
AM
M =
=
9 5000 m
=
500 Um
=
X 190
·
graticule : use to calibrate on
stage microscope
, eg1)
Tomm
>
magnification
-
↓
14 mu
70 -
mm
① 5 um =
Actual size 25 um
mm
=
14
② I =
AM
M = =
mm + 1000 =
280
2)
small driv = 0 1
.
mm = 100 um
·
100 um =
40 graticule
stage
0 1 mm
.
Y micrometer
: 1 graticule
2 5
.
Mm = 1 graticule
↓ eye-piece
4 graticule 2 51m 5 Um
·
= = 3 = 7
graticule
.
.
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