Volledige samenvatting van het boek Basisbegrippen van recht, alle wetsartikelen vermeld en aangeduid, inclusief complete lesnotities. Iedereen die deze samenvatting gebruikt heeft was in eerste zit geslaagd!
WAT IS “RECHT”?.......................................................................................................................................................6
RECHTSTHEORIE......................................................................................................................................................6
RECHT – CENTRALE ELEMENTEN.................................................................................................................................6
BASISBEGRIPPEN.........................................................................................................................................................7
STAAT VAN DE PERSOON...........................................................................................................................................8
BEZIT VAN STAAT [MOEILIJK]......................................................................................................................................9
BEKWAAMHEID.....................................................................................................................................................10
SOORTEN RECHTSSUBJECTEN....................................................................................................................................10
NATUURLIJKE PERSONEN............................................................................................................................................10
RECHTSPERSONEN.................................................................................................................................................... 11
SOORTEN RECHTSPERSONEN....................................................................................................................................12
PUBLIEKRECHTELIJKE................................................................................................................................................. 12
PRIVAATRECHTELIJKE.................................................................................................................................................12
VERENIGINGEN........................................................................................................................................................ 12
VENNOOTSCHAPPEN..................................................................................................................................................13
AANSPRAKELIJKHEID VAN RECHTSPERSONEN...................................................................................................................13
HET LEGALITEITSBEGINSEL M.B.T. RECHTSPERSONEN........................................................................................................14
ONTSTAAN V/D RECHTSPERSOON(LIJKHEID)...................................................................................................................14
EINDE V/D RECHTSPERSOON(LIJKHEID)..........................................................................................................................14
TEGENWERPELIJKHEID V/H BESTAAN V/D RECHTSPERSOON AAN DERDEN.............................................................................14
BEKWAAMHEID VAN RECHTSSUBJECTEN..........................................................................................................................14
RECHTS- EN HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID....................................................................................................................14
R ECHTSBEKWAAMHEID = GENOTSBEKWAAMHEID...........................................................................................................14
HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID.......................................................................................................................................14
RECHTSBEKWAAMHEID VAN NATUURLIJKE PERSONEN....................................................................................................15
PRINCIPE = VOLLEDIGE RECHTSBEKWAAMHEID VOOR ALLE BELGEN.....................................................................................15
UITZONDERINGEN: [2 NIVEAUS]..................................................................................................................................15
HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID VAN NATUURLIJKE PERSONEN.............................................................................................16
PRINCIPE = IEDEREEN IS HANDELINGSBEKWAAM.............................................................................................................16
BEPERKINGEN: HANDELINGSONBEKWAAMHEID:..............................................................................................................16
UITZONDERINGEN:....................................................................................................................................................16
SANCTIEREGELING INZAKE ONBEKWAAMHEID..............................................................................................................18
AARD V/D NIETIGHEID...............................................................................................................................................18
REGELS VAN (LOUTER) DWINGEND RECHT VERSUS REGELS VAN OPENBARE ORDE...................................................................19
NIETIGHEID RECHTENS VERSUS NIETIGHEID WEGENS BENADELING.......................................................................................20
INTRINSIEKE BENADELING...........................................................................................................................................20
EXTRINSIEKE BENADELING...........................................................................................................................................20
RECHTSHANDELINGEN GESTELD DOOR EEN HANDELINGSONBEKWAME ZIJN IN DE REGEL RECHTENS NIETIG, MAAR…......................20
BEKWAAMHEID EN OPENBARE ORDE..........................................................................................................................21
RECHTSBEKWAAMHEID VAN RECHTSPERSONEN............................................................................................................21
1
, PRINCIPE................................................................................................................................................................ 21
UITZONDERINGEN.....................................................................................................................................................21
HANDELINGSBEKWAAMHEID VAN RECHTSPERSONEN.....................................................................................................22
HANDELINGEN VAN HET RECHTSSUBJECT....................................................................................................................22
TEGENWERPELIJKHEID VAN RECHTSHANDELINGEN........................................................................................................28
VERTEGENWOORDIGING BIJ RECHTSHANDELINGEN.......................................................................................................31
GRONDSLAGEN VAN VERTEGENWOORDIGINGSBEVOEGDHEID..........................................................................................31
CONVENTIONELE VERTEGENWOORDIGING...................................................................................................................31
DOOR DE RECHTER GEORGANISEERDE VERTEGENWOORDIGING.......................................................................................32
WETTELIJKE VERTEGENWOORDIGING.........................................................................................................................32
ORGANIEKE VERTEGENWOORDIGING.........................................................................................................................32
TOEREKENING VAN RECHTSGEVOLGEN BIJ VERTEGENWOORDIGING..................................................................................32
TEGENSTRIJDIGE BELANGEN BIJ VERTEGENWOORDIGING [NIET IN BOEK] [ALGEMEEN RECHTSBEGINSEL]..................................34
VORM VAN RECHTSHANDELINGEN..................................................................................................................................34
CONSENSUALISME VERSUS FORMALISME....................................................................................................................34
SOORTEN WILSUITING:............................................................................................................................................35
SOORTEN VORMEN................................................................................................................................................35
FUNCTIES VAN DE VORMVEREISTEN [FORMALISME]............................................................................................................37
GELDIGHEIDSVEREISTE............................................................................................................................................37
BEWIJSFUNCTIE.....................................................................................................................................................37
TEGENWERPELIJKHEIDSVEREISTE...............................................................................................................................38
BESCHERMING V/D CONSUMENT..............................................................................................................................38
SOORTEN RECHTSHANDELINGEN [CASUS IN JUISTE INDELING KUNNEN KWALIFICEREN]................................................................38
NAAR HET AANTAL BETROKKEN PERSONEN [1 OF MEER]................................................................................................38
NAAR DE INVLOED OP DE SUBJECTIEVE RECHTEN [4 CATEGORIEËN].................................................................................39
NAAR DE VORMVEREISTEN WAARAAN ZE ONDERWORPEN ZIJN OF HET VOORWERP.............................................................39
NAAR HET OPEN OF GESLOTEN KARAKTER...................................................................................................................39
NAAR DE INVLOED OP HET VERMOGEN......................................................................................................................40
AANSPRAKELIJKHEID EN RECHTSMISBRUIK........................................................................................................................41
HET AANSPRAKELIJKHEIDSRECHT...............................................................................................................................41
SOORTEN AANSPRAKELIJKHEID..................................................................................................................................42
STRAFRECHTELIJKE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID.........................................................................................................................42
BURGERRECHTELIJKE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID......................................................................................................................42
CONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID.............................................................................................................................42
EXTRACONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID....................................................................................................................43
SAMENLOOP VAN AANSPRAKELIJKHEID:.........................................................................................................................43
ENKELVOUDIGE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID.............................................................................................................................44
SAMENGESTELDE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID...........................................................................................................................44
SCHULDAANSPRAKELIJKHEID........................................................................................................................................45
OBJECTIEVE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID..................................................................................................................................45
GRONDSLAGEN VAN EXTRACONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID......................................................................................45
SCHULDAANSPRAKELIJKHEID.....................................................................................................................................45
OBJECTIEVE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID...............................................................................................................................50
SCHULDLOZE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID.................................................................................................................................50
AANSPRAKELIJKHEID VOOR EIGEN (NIET ON)RECHTMATIGE DADEN......................................................................................50
RISICO-AANSPRAKELIJKHEID........................................................................................................................................51
SCHADE...............................................................................................................................................................53
2
, VOORWAARDEN VOOR SUCCESVOLLE VORDERING............................................................................................................54
SOORTEN SCHADE.....................................................................................................................................................55
CAUSAAL VERBAND................................................................................................................................................55
DE EQUIVALENTIELEER...............................................................................................................................................55
PLURALITEIT VAN OORZAKEN.......................................................................................................................................56
GEVOLGEN VAN BUITENCONTRACTUELE AANSPRAKELIJKHEID.............................................................................................58
RECHTSMISBRUIK...................................................................................................................................................59
WETTELIJK VERBOD EN OMSCHRIJVING KAN GELINKT WORDEN AAN CASS, 10 SEPTEMBER 1971..............................................59
TECHNIEK................................................................................................................................................................59
SANCTIE................................................................................................................................................................. 59
SUBJECTIEVE RECHTEN................................................................................................................................................60
BEGRIP................................................................................................................................................................60
NUT.................................................................................................................................................................... 60
INDELING.............................................................................................................................................................60
PATRIMONIALE RECHTEN............................................................................................................................................60
ZAKELIJKE RECHTEN...................................................................................................................................................61
VORDERINGSRECHTEN................................................................................................................................................66
ZAKELIJKE RECHTEN VERSUS VORDERINGSRECHTEN..........................................................................................................66
INTELLECTUELE RECHTEN............................................................................................................................................67
EXTRAPATRIMONIALE RECHTEN....................................................................................................................................67
DUURZAME ONTWIKKELING.........................................................................................................................................68
BEGRIP................................................................................................................................................................68
INTERNATIONAAL KADER.........................................................................................................................................68
FEDERAAL KADER...................................................................................................................................................69
ACTOREN:...............................................................................................................................................................69
FEDERALE PLANNEN..................................................................................................................................................69
FEDERALE RAPPORTEN...............................................................................................................................................69
DUURZAME ONTWIKKELINGSEFFECTBEOORDELING VIA VOORAFGAANDE RIA........................................................................70
VLAAMS KADER.....................................................................................................................................................70
ORGANISATIES EN BURGERS PROCEDEREN VOOR HET KLIMAAT........................................................................................70
BELGISCHE VZW KLIMAATZAAK..................................................................................................................................70
AAN DE UGENT....................................................................................................................................................70
IN ONZE RECHTENOPLEIDING....................................................................................................................................71
ROL VAN HET RECHT..............................................................................................................................................71
ENKELE TOEPASSINGEN VOOR JURISTEN......................................................................................................................71
CONCLUSIE...........................................................................................................................................................72
KENNISMAKING MET HET BURGERLIJK PROCESRECHT............................................................................................72
HOOFDSTUK I...........................................................................................................................................................72
DE ZAAK LEEN PUTTEMANS.....................................................................................................................................72
FEITEN................................................................................................................................................................... 72
PROCES-VERBAAL & SEPONERING................................................................................................................................72
WAT NU?............................................................................................................................................................... 73
NAAR DE RECHTBANK MAAR … HOE GROOT IS HET VERTROUWEN IN DE INSTELLINGEN?......................................................73
IS KEUZE VOOR DE OVERHEIDSRECHTER ALTIJD AANGEWEZEN?...........................................................................................73
ALTERNATIEVE CONFLICTHANTERING.............................................................................................................................75
RECHTERLIJKE MACHT.............................................................................................................................................75
3
, PROCESRECHT.......................................................................................................................................................75
HOOFDSTUK II..........................................................................................................................................................75
BOEIENDE VRAAG..................................................................................................................................................76
BRONNEN VAN BURGERLIJK PROCESRECHT..........................................................................................................76
GRONDWET.............................................................................................................................................................76
GERECHTELIJK WETBOEK............................................................................................................................................76
BIJZONDERE WETGEVING............................................................................................................................................77
RECHTSPRAAK..........................................................................................................................................................77
RECHTSLEER (DOCTRINE)............................................................................................................................................78
INTERNATIONAAL EN SUPRANATIONAAL RECHT...............................................................................................................78
GEBRUIKEN/COSTUME...............................................................................................................................................79
ALGEMENE BEGINSELEN BEHOORLIJKE PROCESVOERING (OF RECHTSBEDELING)......................................................................79
HOOFDSTUK III – ZELFSTUDIE.......................................................................................................................................85
ORGANISATIE EN BEVOEGDHEID VAN INTERNRECHTELIJKE RECHTSCOLLEGES.......................................................................85
1 APRIL 2014 – EEN NIEUW GERECHTELIJK LANDSCHAP................................................................................................86
GERECHTELIJKE ORGANISATIE...................................................................................................................................87
COMPLEXE STRUCTUUR – 4 ANDERE ELEMENT = VERKLARING............................................................................................87
VREDEGERECHT.....................................................................................................................................................89
POLITIERECHTBANK................................................................................................................................................89
RECHTBANK VAN EERSTE AANLEG..............................................................................................................................90
BURGERLIJKE RECHTBANK...........................................................................................................................................90
FAMILIE- EN JEUGDRECHTBANK....................................................................................................................................91
CORRECTIONELE RECHTBANK......................................................................................................................................91
STRAFUITVOERINGSRECHTBANK...................................................................................................................................91
BESLAGRECHTER.......................................................................................................................................................91
ARBEIDSRECHTBANK...............................................................................................................................................92
ONDERNEMINGSRECHTBANK...........................................................................................................................92
ARRONDISSEMENTSRECHTBANK......................................................................................................................93
HOF VAN ASSISSEN................................................................................................................................................94
HOF VAN BEROEP..................................................................................................................................................94
ARBEIDSHOF.....................................................................................................................................................94
HOF VAN CASSATIE................................................................................................................................................95
OPENBAAR MINISTERIE...........................................................................................................................................95
HOGE RAAD VOOR DE JUSTITIE – INSTITUUT VOOR GERECHTELIJKE OPLEIDING – ADVIESRAAD VOOR DE MAGISTRATUUR............97
HOOFDSTUK IV: RECHTSPLEGING..................................................................................................................................97
VOORWAARDEN OM RECHTSVORDERING TE KUNNEN UITOEFENEN...................................................................................97
SOORTEN VORDERINGEN.........................................................................................................................................98
SCHEMATISCH OVERZICHT BURGERLIJK GEDING............................................................................................................98
FASE 1: INLEIDING VAN DE VORDERING.......................................................................................................................99
FASE 2: IN STAAT STELLEN VAN DE ZAAK.....................................................................................................................100
FASE 3: BERAAD EN UITSPRAAK...............................................................................................................................101
HOOFDSTUK V........................................................................................................................................................103
GEDWONGEN TENUITVOERLEGGING........................................................................................................................103
VERHAALSEXECUTIE..............................................................................................................................................103
GEDWONGEN TENUITVOERLEGGING........................................................................................................................104
GEDWONGEN TENUITVOERLEGGING – VERSTEKVONNIS (EINDBESLISSING - ONGEACHT GELDSOMVEROORDELING OF NIET)........105
GEDWONGEN TENUITVOERLEGGING (VERSTEKVONNIS – EINDBESLISSING - NIET-GELDSOMVEROORDELING)...........................105
GEDWONGEN TENUITVOERLEGGING (VERSTEKVONNIS GELDSOMVEROORDELING) [SLIDE 9]................................................105
4
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