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Essential Cell Biology, 5th Edition, by Bruce Alberts, Exam 4 Latest Update With Multiple, Correctly Answered Questions |Single & Multiple choice and essays| $11.49   Add to cart

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Essential Cell Biology, 5th Edition, by Bruce Alberts, Exam 4 Latest Update With Multiple, Correctly Answered Questions |Single & Multiple choice and essays|

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Essential Cell Biology, 5th Edition, by Bruce Alberts, Exam 4 Latest Update With Multiple, Correctly Answered Questions |Single & Multiple choice and essays| What organelles are part of the endomembrane system? - Golgi, ER, lysosomes, endosomes, chloroplasts, peroxisomes T/F: Mitocho...

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  • June 4, 2024
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Essential Cell Biology, 5th Edition, by Bruce
Alberts, Exam 4 Latest Update With Multiple,
Correctly Answered Questions |Single &
Multiple choice and essays|


What organelles are part of the endomembrane system? ✔- Golgi,
ER, lysosomes, endosomes, chloroplasts, peroxisomes

T/F: Mitochondria is part of the endomembrane system ✔- False.

Where are proteins in chloroplast synthesized? ✔- Cytosol and
chloroplast

What transports the components of the endomembrane system ✔-
Vesicles

*What percent of a eukaryotic cell is comprised of cytosol? ✔-
50%, half

Muscular dystrophy ✔- nuclear lamin

Intermediate filaments #7 on Review 17 ✔- Mutation in their
keratin. through Desmosomes. Vimentin

Where are organelle proteins made ✔- Cytosol

,What guides proteins to the correct organelle? ✔- Signal sequences

What proteins do not have signal sequences? ✔- Proteins that
function in the cytosol

Proteins translated in cytosol and lack sorting signal go where? ✔-
Cytosol

Signal sequences that direct proteins to correct compartment are
✔- Encoded in the amino acid

Where does photosynthesis occur? ✔- Chloroplast

**Where does transcription occur? ✔- Inside the nucleus

**Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? ✔- Inner
mitochondrial membrane

**Where does the modification of secreted proteins occur? ✔-
Golgi and rough ER

**Where does steroid hormone synthesis occur? ✔- Smooth ER

Hormones cross the membrane and bind ✔- Nuclear receptors.
Steroid and thyroid hormones. Hydrophobic molecules

Nitric oxide ✔- Triggers smooth muscle relaxation in blood vessel.
Rapid diffusion across plasma membrane

**Hormones stimulate what ✔- membrane bound G protein.
stimulate adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP

,**Where does degradation of organelles occur? ✔- lysosome

**Where is new membrane synthesized? ✔- New membrane lipids
are synthesized on the smooth ER and inserted into the smooth ER
membrane.

**Where does the breakdown of lipids and toxic molecules happen?
✔- Peroxisome

**GAP ✔- turns switch protein off by promoting GTP hydrolysis

What determines whether a cell will respond to a signaling molecule?
✔- Presence of receptors inside or outside the cell

What is the best signal to send a signal to most cells? ✔- Hormone.

Endocrine signal ✔- Hormone signal. Similar to broadcast on radio.
Long range

Paracrine/ Autofind signal ✔- Nearby cells. Similar to posting a flyer
on a board in a neighborhood

Neuronal signalling ✔- Neurotransmitter delivered @ synapse.
Similar to a phone call/text/email

Direct contact signaling ✔- Cells are in physical contact. Similar to
face to face conversation

What signaling travels the largest distance? ✔- Endocrine

, What type of signaling is local and secretes to neighboring cells? ✔-
Paracrine

Where would a hydrophilic molecule interact with a receptor? ✔-
On the cell surface

Where would you expect a steroid to interact with a receptor? ✔-
Inside the nucleus of the cell

Foreign substances (methanol, morphine) exert initial effects by ✔-
interacting with cell-surface receptors and causing signal to be
inappropriately transduced in absence of normal stimulus.

****How many transmembrane domains do GPCRs have ✔- 7.
GPCRs membrane domains are pharmacologically important (****1/3
drugs today use GPCR)

**Why are GPCRs important ✔- 1/3 of all drugs today work
through GPCR. Also allows for amplification like rods in vision

***2 main types of GTP binding proteins ✔- Large trimeric GTP
proteins and momomeric GTP binding proteins

What type of protein is GPCRs best friend* ✔- Trimeric GTP binding
protein. G proteins.

What contains nuclear localization signals (NLS) that direct transport
✔- Folded nuclear proteins

What is role of nuclear localization ✔- import receptors and cargo
across nuclear envelope. bound by cytoplasmic proteins

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