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Summary Topic 1 - Lattice Enthalpy
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These are the complete notes for the CCEA A2 1 specification and have been created through multiple sources. However, they are not endorsed by CCEA.
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ChemistryTopic 1: Lattice Enthalpy
Standard lattice enthalpy ΔHlatt (Endothermic – Positive value): The enthalpy change when 1 mole of
an ionic compound is converted into its gaseous ions under standard conditions
A large value for lattice enthalpy shows that there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction
between the oppositely charged ions in the lattice.
Born-Haber Cycles
Standard enthalpy change of Formation, ΔHf (Exothermic – Negative value): The enthalpy change
when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements under standard conditions.
e.g. K(s) + ½ Cl2(g) KCl(s)
Standard enthalpy change of Atomisation, ΔHat (Endothermic – positive value): The enthalpy change
when one mole of gaseous atoms is formed from the element in its standard state.
e.g. K(s) K(g)
½ Cl2 (g) Cl(g)
Standard bond dissociation enthalpy, ΔHBDE (Endothermic – positive value): The enthalpy change
required to break 1 mol of a covalent bond under standard conditions.
e.g. Cl2 (g) 2Cl (g)
First ionisation energy, ΔHI1 (Endothermic – Positive value): The energy change required to convert
one mole of gaseous atoms into gaseous ions with a single positive charge.
e.g. K(g) K+(g) + e-
Second ionisation energy, ΔH12 (Endothermic – Positive value): The energy change required to
convert one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge into gaseous ions with a double
positive charge.
e.g. Ca2+(g) Ca2+(g) + e-
First Electron affinity, ΔHEA1 (Exothermic – Negative value): The enthalpy change when one mole of
gaseous atoms is converted int gaseous ions with a single negative charge.
e.g. Cl(g) + e- Cl- (g)
Second Electron affinity, ΔHEA2 (Endothermic – Positive Value): The enthalpy change when one mole
of gaseous ions with a single negative charge is converted into gaseous ions with a double negative
charge.
e.g. O-(g) + e- O2-(g)
Charges repel and therefore the gaseous ions must take in energy
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