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Belastingrecht samenvatting

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In deze samenvatting heb ik de volgende hoofdstukken behandeld: H2, H3.1 t/m H3.7, § 4.3, § 4.4, § 4.6, § 4.8, t/m 4.8.2, § 4.10.3, § 4.11, § 4.15.1, § 4.15.2, § 4.19.1, § 4.19.2, § 4.20.1, § 4.20.2, § 4.20.3 en § 4.21, H5.1 t/m H 5.4, §5.5.2 t/m 5.6.6, Hst. 7 m.u.v: §§7.5.5 / 7.5....

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  • H3.1 t/m h3.7, h5.1 t/m h 5.4, §5.5.2 t/m 5.6.6, hst. 7 m.u.v: §§7.5.5 / 7.5.6 / 7.5.8 / 7.5.10 / 7.
  • June 15, 2019
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Belastingrecht
Inhoudsopgave

H2 Loonbelasting.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

2.2 Dienstbetrekking .................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Privaatrechtelijke dienstbetrekking ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.3 Publiekrechtelijke dienstbetrekking .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.2.4 Fictieve dienstbetrekking ............................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.5 Oneigenlijke dienstbetrekking ....................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.6 Huispersoneel ..............................................................................................................................................................10
2.2.7 Tegenwoordige en vroegere dienstbetrekking ...........................................................................................................10
2.3 Inhoudingsplichtige ..............................................................................................................................................................10
2.3.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................10
2.3.2 Inhoudingsplicht bij echte dienstbetrekkingen ...........................................................................................................10
2.3.3 Inhoudingsplicht bij fictieve dienstbetrekkingen ........................................................................................................11
2.3.4 Geen inhoudingsplicht bij Verklaring arbeidsrelatie (VAR) .........................................................................................11
2.3.5 Samenhangende groep inhoudingsplichtigen .............................................................................................................12
2.4 Loon ......................................................................................................................................................................................12
2.4.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................12
2.4.2 Belastbaar loon ............................................................................................................................................................12
2.4.3 Loon ..............................................................................................................................................................................12
2.4.4 Tabelloon......................................................................................................................................................................12
2.4.5 Loon in geld ..................................................................................................................................................................12
2.4.6 Loon in natura ..............................................................................................................................................................13
2.4.7 Aanspraken ..................................................................................................................................................................14
2.4.8 Fooien...........................................................................................................................................................................15
2.4.9 Auto van de zaak ..........................................................................................................................................................15
2.4.10 Aandelenoptierechten ...............................................................................................................................................16
2.4.11 Gebruikelijk loon ........................................................................................................................................................16
2.5 Vrijstellingen .........................................................................................................................................................................16
2.5.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................16
2.5.2 Vrijstellingen ................................................................................................................................................................17
2.6 Pensioen ...............................................................................................................................................................................17
2.6.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................17
2.6.2 Pensioenregeling..........................................................................................................................................................17
2.6.3 Pensioenstelsel ............................................................................................................................................................17
2.6.4 Pensioenuitkeringen ....................................................................................................................................................18
2.6.5 Pensioenopbouw .........................................................................................................................................................18
2.6.6 Pensioenverzekeraar ...................................................................................................................................................19
2.6.7 Pensioen in eigen beheer ............................................................................................................................................19
2.6.8 Oneigenlijke handelingen ............................................................................................................................................19
2.7 Verschuldigde loonbelasting ................................................................................................................................................20
2.7.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................20
2.7.2 Tarief ............................................................................................................................................................................20
2.7.3 Loonheffingskorting .....................................................................................................................................................20
2.7.4 Loonbelastingtabellen..................................................................................................................................................21
2.8 Moment van heffing.............................................................................................................................................................21
2.8.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................21




1

, 2.8.2 Afdracht op aangifte ....................................................................................................................................................22
2.9 Administratieve verplichtingen ............................................................................................................................................22
2.9.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................22
2.9.2 Verplichtingen inhoudingsplichtige .............................................................................................................................22
2.9.3 Verplichtingen werknemer ..........................................................................................................................................23
2.9.4 Identificatieplicht .........................................................................................................................................................23
2.9.5 Fictieve diensttijd .........................................................................................................................................................23
2.10 Inhoudingsplichtige als belastingplichtige.........................................................................................................................23
2.10.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................23
2.10.2 Eindheffing toepassen ...............................................................................................................................................24
2.10.3 Gerichte vrijstellingen ................................................................................................................................................24
2.10.4 Vrije ruimte ................................................................................................................................................................26
2.10.5 Psuedo-eindheffingen................................................................................................................................................27
2.11 Tarief ..................................................................................................................................................................................27

2.12 Naheffing van loonbelasting ..............................................................................................................................................28
2.12.1 inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................28
2.12.2 Directe brutering........................................................................................................................................................28
2.12.3 Indirecte brutering .....................................................................................................................................................28
2.12.4 Achterwege laten brutering ......................................................................................................................................28
2.13 Uniform heffingsloon en premies werknemersverzekeringen...........................................................................................28
2.14 Loonberekening ..................................................................................................................................................................28

H3 Raamwerk Wet IB (Paragraaf 1 t/m 7) ..................................................................................................................................... 29
3.1 inleiding ................................................................................................................................................................................29
3.2 Belastingplicht ......................................................................................................................................................................29
3.2.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................29
3.2.2 Invloed belastingverdragen .........................................................................................................................................30
3.2.3 Woonplaats ..................................................................................................................................................................30
3.3 Inkomen en tarieven ............................................................................................................................................................30
3.3.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................30
3.3.2 Box 1: belastbaar inkomen uit werk en woning ..........................................................................................................31
3.3.3 Box 2: belastbaar inkomen uit aanmerkelijk belang ...................................................................................................31
3.3.4 Box 3: belastbaar inkomen uit sparen en beleggen ....................................................................................................31
3.3.5 Verzamelinkomen ........................................................................................................................................................31
3.4 Heffingskortingen .................................................................................................................................................................31
3.4.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................31
3.4.2 Elementen van de heffingskorting...............................................................................................................................32
3.4.3 Overzicht van de heffingskortingen.............................................................................................................................32
3.5 Toerekeningsregeling ...........................................................................................................................................................33
3.5.1 inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................33
3.5.2 Toerekening inkomen aan boxen ................................................................................................................................33
3.5.3 Toerekening inkomen minderjarig kind ......................................................................................................................33
3.5.4 Toerekening inkomen fiscale partners ........................................................................................................................33
3.5.5 Toerekening Afgezonderd Particulieren Vermogen....................................................................................................34
3.6 Fiscaal partnerschap ............................................................................................................................................................34

3.7 Wijze van heffing..................................................................................................................................................................35
3.7.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................35
3.7.2 Voorheffing ..................................................................................................................................................................35
3.7.3 Voorlopige teruggaaf ...................................................................................................................................................35
3.7.4 Wel of geen aanslag .....................................................................................................................................................35
3.7.5 Codering aanslagen......................................................................................................................................................36
3.7.6 Middeling .....................................................................................................................................................................36



2

,H4 Box 1: winst uit onderneming .................................................................................................................................................. 36

4.3 Onderneming........................................................................................................................................................................36
4.4 Ondernemers en andere winstgenieters..............................................................................................................................37
4.4.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................37
4.4.2 Ondernemerschap .......................................................................................................................................................38
4.4.3 Urencriterium...............................................................................................................................................................39
4.4.4 Medegerechtigden.......................................................................................................................................................40
4.4.5 Schuldeisers met specifieke vorderingen op een ondernemer/ onderneming .........................................................41
4.4.6 Uitsluiting van ondernemingsfaciliteiten ....................................................................................................................41
4.4.7 Beperkte verliesrekening voor medegerechtigden en schuldeisers met een specifieke vordering ..........................41
4.6 systematiek behandelen van het schema ............................................................................................................................42

4.8 Vermogensetikettering ........................................................................................................................................................43
4.8.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................43
4.8.2 De wijze van etikettering .............................................................................................................................................43
4.10.3 Privégebruik auto van de zaak ...................................................................................................................................45
4.11 Niet aftrekbare en beperkt aftrekbare kosten ...................................................................................................................46
4.11.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................46
4.11.2 Algemene uitsluiting van aftrek .................................................................................................................................46
4.11.3 Algemene aftrekbeperking ........................................................................................................................................46
4.11.4 Uitgesloten aftrek van kosten t.b.v. de ondernemer ................................................................................................46
4.11.5 In aftrek beperkte kosten t.b.v. de ondernemer ......................................................................................................47
4.15 Investeringsaftrek ..............................................................................................................................................................47
4.15.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................47
4.15.2 Kleinschaligheidsinvesteringsaftrek ..........................................................................................................................48
4.19 Oudedagsreserve ...............................................................................................................................................................49
4.19.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................49
4.19.2 Toevoegen aan de oudedagsreserve.........................................................................................................................49
4.20 Ondernemersaftrek ............................................................................................................................................................50
4.20.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................50
4.20.2 Zelfstandigenaftrek ....................................................................................................................................................50
4.20.3 Startersaftrek .............................................................................................................................................................50
4.21 De mkb-winstvrijstelling .....................................................................................................................................................51

Hoofdstuk 5 Box 1: belastbaar inkomen uit werk en woning ....................................................................................................... 51
5.1 inleiding ................................................................................................................................................................................51

5.2 Algemene bepalingen binnen box 1 .....................................................................................................................................51
5.2.2 Waardering van niet in geld genoten inkomen ...........................................................................................................51
5.2.3 Tijdstip waarop inkomsten worden belast ..................................................................................................................51
5.2.4 Tijdstip waarop aftrekbare kosten of uitgaven voor inkomensvoorzieningen in aftrek mogen worden gebracht ...52
5.3 Belastbaar loon ....................................................................................................................................................................52
5.3.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................52
5.3.2 Loon ..............................................................................................................................................................................52
5.3.3 Fooien...........................................................................................................................................................................52
5.3.4 Reisaftrek .....................................................................................................................................................................52
5.4 Belastbaar resultaat uit overige werkzaamheden ..............................................................................................................53
5.4.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................53
5.4.2 Terbeschikkingstelling aan de onderneming van een verbonden persoon................................................................54
5.4.3 Terbeschikkingstelling aan de eigen bv of die van een verbonden persoon..............................................................54
5.4.4 Lucratief belang ...........................................................................................................................................................55
5.4.5 Bepalen van het belastbare resultaat uit overige werkzaamheden ...........................................................................55
5.4.6 Opwaarderingsreserve.................................................................................................................................................56
5.5 De belastbare periodieke uitkeringen en verstrekkingen ....................................................................................................56



3

, 5.5.2 De aangewezen periodieke uitkeringen en verstrekkingen........................................................................................56
5.5.3 Termijnen van gefacilieerde lijfrenten ........................................................................................................................56
5.5.4 Aftrekbare kosten ........................................................................................................................................................56
5.6 De belastbare inkomsten uit eigen woning .........................................................................................................................56
5.6.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................56
5.6.2 Begrip eigen woning ....................................................................................................................................................57
5.6.3 Eigenwoningforfait .......................................................................................................................................................58
5.6.4 Tijdelijke verhuur .........................................................................................................................................................58
5.6.5 Kamerverhuurvrijstelling .............................................................................................................................................59
5.6.6 Rente eigenwoningschuld............................................................................................................................................60

H7 Box 3: belastbaar inkomen uit sparen en beleggen................................................................................................................. 63

7.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................................................63
7.2 Forfait rendement ................................................................................................................................................................63
7.2.1 Rendementsklassen .....................................................................................................................................................63
7.2.2 Vermogensmix .............................................................................................................................................................64
7.2.3 Peildatum .....................................................................................................................................................................64
7.2.4 Heffingsvrij vermogen ..................................................................................................................................................64
7.2.5 Persoonsgebonden aftrek............................................................................................................................................64
7.2.6 Tarief ............................................................................................................................................................................65
7.3 Bezittingen............................................................................................................................................................................65
7.3.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................65
7.3.2 Onroerende zaken .......................................................................................................................................................65
7.3.3 Rechten op onroerende zaken ....................................................................................................................................65
7.3.4 Roerende zaken ...........................................................................................................................................................65
7.3.5 rechten op roerende zaken .........................................................................................................................................66
7.3.6 Rechten die niet op zaken betrekking hebben............................................................................................................66
7.3.7 Overige vermogensrechten .........................................................................................................................................67
7.4 Schulden ...............................................................................................................................................................................67
7.4.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................67
7.4.2 Belastingschulden ........................................................................................................................................................67
7.4.3 Drempelbedrag ............................................................................................................................................................67
7.5 Vrijstellingen .........................................................................................................................................................................68
7.5.2 Verkrijging krachtens erfrecht .....................................................................................................................................68
7.5.3 Bos, natuurterreinen en aangewezen landgoederen .................................................................................................68
7.5.4 Artistieke en wetenschappelijke voorwerpen .............................................................................................................68
7.5.7 Contacten en waardebonnen ......................................................................................................................................69
7.5.9 Groene beleggingen.....................................................................................................................................................69
7.6 Waardering ..........................................................................................................................................................................69
7.6.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................69
7.6.2 Tweede woningen ........................................................................................................................................................69
7.6.3 Effecten ........................................................................................................................................................................70

Hoofdstuk 9 Vennootschapsbelasting ........................................................................................................................................... 71
9.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................................................71
9.2 Subjectieve belastingplicht (wie?)........................................................................................................................................71
9.2.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................71
9.2.2 Binnenlandse belastingplicht .......................................................................................................................................71
9.2.3 Vrijstellingen ................................................................................................................................................................73
9.3 Objectieve belastingplicht (waarover?) ...............................................................................................................................74
9.3.2 Stap 1: fiscale winstberekening ...................................................................................................................................74
9.3.3 Stap 2: fiscale winst bepalen .......................................................................................................................................74
9.3.4 Stap 3: belastbaar bedrag bepalen ..............................................................................................................................75
9.3.5 Schematisch overzicht berekening belastbaar bedrag ...............................................................................................76


4

, 9.3.6 Kapitaalstortingen ........................................................................................................................................................76
9.3.7 Onttrekkingen ..............................................................................................................................................................77
9.3.8 Aftrekbare bedragen ....................................................................................................................................................78
9.3.9 Niet-aftrekbare bedragen ............................................................................................................................................78
9.4 Tarief (hoeveel?)...................................................................................................................................................................79
9.4.1 Normaal tarief ..............................................................................................................................................................79
9.4.2 Bijzonder tarief: fiscale beleggingsinstelling ...............................................................................................................79
9.4.3 Bijzonder tarief: innovatiebox .....................................................................................................................................79
9.5 Renteaftrekbeperking ..........................................................................................................................................................80
9.5.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................80
9.5.2 Hybride lening (art. 10 lid 1 letter d Wet Vpb) ............................................................................................................80
9.5.3 Kasrondjes en leningen van verbonden lichamen ......................................................................................................81
9.5.4 Renteaftrekbeperking excessieve deelnemingsrente .................................................................................................81
9.5.5 Renteaftrekbeperking overnameholding ....................................................................................................................82
9.6 Deelnemingsvrijstelling ........................................................................................................................................................82
9.6.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................82
9.6.2 Begrip deelneming .......................................................................................................................................................83
9.6.3 Gevolgen deelnemingsvrijstelling ................................................................................................................................85
9.6.4 Deelnemingskosten .....................................................................................................................................................86
9.6.5 Liquidatieverliezen .......................................................................................................................................................86
9.8 Fiscale eenheid .....................................................................................................................................................................87
9.8.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................................87
9.8.2 Voorwaarden voor aangaan fiscale eenheid ...............................................................................................................87
9.8.3 Gevolgen van aangaan fiscale eenheid .......................................................................................................................88
9.8.4 Voorwaarden en gevolgen beëindiging .......................................................................................................................89

Hoofdstuk 10 Omzetbelasting ....................................................................................................................................................... 90

10.2 Wat is omzetbelasting? .....................................................................................................................................................90
10.2.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................90
10.2.2 Invloed Unie ...............................................................................................................................................................90
10.3 Wie moet de omzetbelasting voldoen? .............................................................................................................................91
10.3.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................91
10.3.2 Ondernemer...............................................................................................................................................................91
10.3.3 Overheid .....................................................................................................................................................................93
10.3.4 Fiscale eenheid...........................................................................................................................................................93
10.4 Belastbaar feit 1: de levering van goederen ......................................................................................................................95
10.4.1 Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................95
10.4.2 Levering van goederen ..............................................................................................................................................95
10.4.4 Plaats van de levering ................................................................................................................................................98
10.5 Belastbaar feit 2: Intracommunautaire verwerving (ICV) .................................................................................................99
10.5.1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................................100
10.5.2 Het huidige systeem: ICP .........................................................................................................................................100
10.5.3 Overbrenging van een eigen goed naar een andere lidstaat..................................................................................100
10.5.4 Gevolgen ICV ............................................................................................................................................................101
10.5.5 Uitgesloten ICT .........................................................................................................................................................101
10.7 Belastbaar feit 4: invoer ...................................................................................................................................................101
10.7.1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................................101
10.7.2 Invoer .......................................................................................................................................................................101
10.7.3 Uitvoer......................................................................................................................................................................102
10.8 Belastbaar feit 5: diensten ...............................................................................................................................................102
10.8.1 Inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................................102
10.8.2 Het begrip dienst .....................................................................................................................................................102
10.8.3 Plaats van diensten ..................................................................................................................................................103




5

, 10.10 Waarover moet omzetbelasting worden berekend? .....................................................................................................103
10.10.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................103
10.10.2 De vergoeding ........................................................................................................................................................103
10.10.4 Maatstaf van heffing bij fictieve diensten .............................................................................................................104
10.11 Hoeveel omzetbelasting moet er worden voldaan? ......................................................................................................105
10.11.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................105
10.11.2 Tabel I .....................................................................................................................................................................105
10.11.3 Tabel II ....................................................................................................................................................................105
10.12 In hoeverre recht op aftrek van voorbelasting? ............................................................................................................106
10.12.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................106
10.12.2 Factuureisen ..........................................................................................................................................................107
10.12.3 Aftrek bij belaste en vrijgestelde prestaties ..........................................................................................................107
10.12.4 Vooraftrek bij invoer ..............................................................................................................................................108
10.12.5 Aftrek voorbelasting en personenauto .................................................................................................................110
10.13 Door wie en wanneer moet de omzetbelasting worden voldaan? ...............................................................................111
10.13.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................111
10.13.2 Wie voldoet de omzetbelasting? ...........................................................................................................................111
10.13.3 Verleggingsregeling ...............................................................................................................................................111
10.14 Welke vrijstellingen kent de Wet OB? ...........................................................................................................................112
10.14.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................112
10.14.2 Verhuurd onroerende zaken .................................................................................................................................112
10.14.3 Levering van onroerende zaken ............................................................................................................................113
10.16 Administratieve verplichting ..........................................................................................................................................114
10.16.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................................................114
10.16.2 Boekhoudverplichting ............................................................................................................................................114
10.16.3 Factuurverplichting ................................................................................................................................................114

Hoofdstuk 12 Wet belasting van rechtsverkeer .......................................................................................................................... 115

12.2.8 Tarief en vrijstellingen .............................................................................................................................................115

Hoofdstuk 14 Internationaal belastingrecht ............................................................................................................................... 118

14.1 Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................................................118
14.3 Buitenlands belastingplichtig o.b.v. de wet op de vennootschapsbelasting .............................................................118
14.4 Heffingsbeginselen......................................................................................................................................................119
14.5 Economisch en juridisch dubbele heffing ..................................................................................................................120
14.7.1 Verdragen.................................................................................................................................................................121




6

, H2 Loonbelasting
2.1 Inleiding
De wet op de loonbelasting (Wet LB) bepaalt dat een inhoudingsplichtige loonbelasting moet
inhouden op het (bruto)loon van de werknemer en dat de inhoudingsplichtige ook premie
volksverzekeringen moet inhouden (als de werknemer premieplichtig is voor de volksverzekeringen).
De gezamenlijke heffing van loonbelasting en premie volksverzekeringen wordt ook wel ‘loonheffing’
genoemd. De gezamenlijke heffing van loonbelasting, premie volksverzekering, premies en
werknemersverzekeringen en de Zvw-bijdrage wordt ook wel ‘loonheffingEN’ genoemd.

Het verschil tussen ‘loonheffing’ en ‘loonheffingen’ wordt dus gevormd door de premies
werknemersverzekeringen en de Zvw-bijdrage.

De werknemer mag de ingehouden loonbelasting in zijn aangifte inkomstenbelasting vervolgens
verrekenen met de inkomstenbelasting die hij verschuldigd is over zijn totale inkomen (art. 9.2 lid 1
letter a Wet IB). De loonbelasting is dus in beginsel een voorheffing op de inkomstenbelasting.

2.2 Dienstbetrekking
2.2.1 Inleiding
De werknemer is de belangrijkste belastingplichtige voor de loonbelasting (art. 1 Wet LB). De
loonbelasting wordt ingehouden op zijn loon (art. 27 lid 1 Wet LB). In art. 2 Wet LB wordt het begrip
werknemer gedefinieerd. Als werknemers wordt ook aangemerkt degene die loon geniet uit een
bestaande of vroegere privaatrechtelijke of publiekrechtelijke dienstbetrekking van een ander.




Naast de privaatrechtelijke en publiekrechtelijke dienstbetrekking kent de Wet LB ook nog de fictieve
dienstbetrekking en de oneigenlijke dienstbetrekking.

2.2.2 Privaatrechtelijke dienstbetrekking
Voor het begrip privaatrechtelijke dienstbetrekking wordt in beginsel aangesloten bij het civiele begrip
arbeidsovereenkomst, dat als volgt gedefinieerd is in art. 7:610 BW: ‘De overeenkomst waarbij de ene
partij, de werknemer, zich verbindt in dienst van de andere partij, de werkgever, tegen loon
gedurende zeker tijd arbeid te verrichten.’ De omschrijving van het begrip arbeidsovereenkomst bevat
drie essentiële voorwaarden:
a. Gezagsverhouding
Er moet sprake zijn van ondergeschiktheid: de werknemer is verplicht om opdrachten en
aanwijzingen van de werkgever uit te voeren. In de praktijk neemt de rechter overigens als snel
een gezagsverhouding aan als de arbeid een wezenlijk onderdeel is van de bedrijfsvoering van de
onderneming.




b. Persoonlijk verrichten van arbeid
De werknemer is op grond van art. 7:659 lid 1 BW verplicht om de arbeid zelf (persoonlijk) te
verrichten. De werknemer mag zich niet zonder voorafgaande toestemming van de werkgever
laten vervangen bij de uitvoering van zijn werkzaamheden.



7

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