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CHEMICAL CONTROL ANDCOORDINATION
Tuesday, 4 June 2024 12:14 AM
• The neural coordination is fast but short-lived.
ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND HORMON
• Endocrine glands lack ducts and are hence, called ductless glands.
• Their secretions are called hormones.
• Hormones are non-nutrient chemicals which act as intercellular messengers and are prod
• Invertebrates possess very simple endocrine systems with few hormones whereas a large
HUMAN ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thymus and gonads (testis in ma
The Hypothalamus
• hypothalamus is the basal part of diencephalon, forebrain
• It contains several groups of neurosecretory cells called nuclei which produce hormones.
Two types,
1) releasing hormones (which stimulate secretion of pituitary hormones)
2) inhibiting hormones (which inhibit secretions of pituitary hormones).
EG:-
• hypothalamic hormone called Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the p
• somatostatin from the hypothalamus inhibits the release of growth hormone from the pit
• These hormones originating in the hypothalamic neurons, pass through axons and are rel
• The posterior pituitary is under the direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus
The Pituitary Gland
• pituitary gland is located in a bony cavity called sella tursica and is attached to hypothala
• It is divided anatomically into an adenohypophysis and a neurohypophysis.
ADENOHYPOHYSIS
,NE
duced in trace amounts.
e number of chemicals act as hormones and provide coordination in the vertebrates.
ales and ovary in females). gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, heart also produce hormones.
These hormones regulate the synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones.
pituitary synthesis and release of gonadotrophins.
tuitary.
leased from their nerve endings. These hormones reach the pituitary gland through a portal circulato
amus by a stalk
,ory system and regulate the functions of the anterior pituitary.
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