Een duidelijke samenvatting van neuroanatomie 2: collegeslides + boek Martin
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Course
Neuroanatomie 2 (BWB216)
Institution
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
Book
Neuroanatomy Text and Atlas, Fifth Edition
Voor deze samenvatting heb ik de gebruik gemaakt van de colleges en het boek van Martin. Er is een duidelijk overzicht, met alle onderwerpen aangegeven in de inhoudsopgave . Ook is er een duidelijke uitleg voor de banen die gevraagd worden. Woorden die onduidelijk zijn, worden in een verwijzing ond...
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College 1. Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................5
Motorneuronen.....................................................................................................................................................5
Motorische kernen ...............................................................................................................................................5
Sensorische neuronen ..........................................................................................................................................6
Interneuronen .......................................................................................................................................................6
Commisuren .........................................................................................................................................................6
Functiemogelijkheden bij interneuronen .............................................................................................................7
College 2a. Perifeer zenuwstelsel ...........................................................................................................................8
Innervatie aangezicht ...........................................................................................................................................8
Innervatie achterhoofd/nek/hals ...........................................................................................................................8
Wortels en zenuwen .............................................................................................................................................8
Innervatie arm en hand ........................................................................................................................................8
Het carpale tunnelsyndroom ..............................................................................................................................11
Het telefoonbotje................................................................................................................................................11
Dermatomen.......................................................................................................................................................12
Innervatie romp ..................................................................................................................................................12
Innervatie been ...................................................................................................................................................13
College 2b. Centraal zenuwstelsel: ruggenmerg ................................................................................................14
Laminae van Rexed ...........................................................................................................................................14
College 3. Sensorisch systeem: tast .....................................................................................................................15
Dorsale kolom mediale lemniscus baan (Martin 4-2 B) ....................................................................................15
De granulaire cortex (Martin 2-19) ....................................................................................................................16
Trigeminus-mediale lemniscus baan (Martin 6-8).............................................................................................17
Voorbeeld 1 plasticiteit tussen functionele corticale gebieden ..........................................................................18
Voorbeeld 2 plasticiteit tussen functionele corticale gebieden ..........................................................................18
College 4. Sensorisch systeem: noxe (pijn), temperatuur en jeuk ....................................................................19
Spinothalamische baan (Martin 5-2)..................................................................................................................19
Verschil C vezel en A-δ vezel ...........................................................................................................................19
Lissauers tract !!! ....................................................................................... Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd.
Trigeminothalamische baan (Martin 6-8 B) ......................................................................................................20
Paleo-spino-trigemino thalamische baan ...........................................................................................................20
Neo-spino-trigemino-thalamische baan .............................................................................................................20
Spino-reticulaire baan (Martin 5-2 B) ...............................................................................................................21
Spino-mesencephale baan (Martin 5-2 A) .........................................................................................................21
Voorbeeld 3 “Doorgaan ondanks pijn” (Martin 5-8) .........................................................................................21
Voorbeeld 4 Runner’s High ...............................................................................................................................21
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Invloed van tast op pijndoorgave (Martin 5-3) ..................................................................................................22
College 5b. Somatomotorisch systeem: motorneuronen en interneuronen .....................................................25
Somatische motorneuronen................................................................................................................................25
Retrograad tracing..............................................................................................................................................25
De ventrale hoorn van Rexed.............................................................................................................................26
Motorunit ...........................................................................................................................................................26
Rostrocaudale, dorsoventrale en mediolaterale organisatie (Martin 10-17 A/B) ..............................................27
Terminologie ligging motorneuronen ................................................................................................................27
Premotor interneuronen .....................................................................................................................................28
Verschil segmentaal, propriospinale en commisurale premotor interneuronen (Martin 10-16 A) ....................28
College 6. Somatomotorisch systeem: afdalende banen vanuit hersenstam ...................................................29
Tectospinale baan (Martin 10-5 B) ....................................................................................................................29
Laterale vestibulospinale baan (Martin 12-3 B) ................................................................................................30
Mediale vestibulospinale baan (Martin 12-3 B) ................................................................................................30
Afdalende pontiene en medullaire reticulospinale baan (Martin 10-5 B)..........................................................30
Rubrospinale baan (Martin 10-4 B) ...................................................................................................................31
College 7. Somatomotorisch systeem: afdalende banen vanuit motor cortex .................................................32
Voorbeeld 5........................................................................................................................................................32
premotor gebied: Broca’s area ...........................................................................................................................32
Corticobulbaire baan (Martin 11-5) ...................................................................................................................33
Laterale corticospinale baan (Martin 10-4 A)....................................................................................................33
Mediale (ventrale) corticospinale baan (Martin 10-5 A) ...................................................................................34
College 8. Cerebellum...........................................................................................................................................35
De drie stelen van het cerebellum ......................................................................................................................36
Lobi van het cerebellum ....................................................................................................................................36
Diep cerebellaire kernen ....................................................................................................................................38
Bijzondere vezels en cellen in het cerebellum ...................................................................................................38
Purkinjecel ....................................................................................................................................................38
Korrelcel of granule cel.................................................................................................................................38
Vestibulocerebellum ..........................................................................................................................................39
College 9a. Spino -en cerebrocerebellum ...........................................................................................................40
Cerebellair syndroom .........................................................................................................................................40
Het spinocerebellum ..........................................................................................................................................40
Het verloop van proprioceptieve informatie van periferie naar cerebellum (Martin 13-6 A) ...........................41
Afluistercellen (Martin 13-6 B) .........................................................................................................................41
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Het cerebrocerebellum .......................................................................................................................................42
College 9b. Basale ganglia kernen .......................................................................................................................43
Voorbeeld 6 Parkinson en basale ganglia ..........................................................................................................43
College 10 Basale ganglia circuits .......................................................................................................................45
Hemiballisme .....................................................................................................................................................47
Ziekte van Huntington .......................................................................................................................................47
De VTA en nucleus accumbens (NA): verslaving.............................................................................................47
College 11. Limbisch systeem ..............................................................................................................................48
De gyrus cinguli .................................................................................................................................................48
Voorbeeld 7 Elektrische stimulatie bij de gyrus cinguli ....................................................................................49
Orbitofrontale cortex..........................................................................................................................................49
Voorbeeld 8 Ongeluk van spoorwegwerker ......................................................................................................50
Polus temporalis .................................................................................................................................................50
Voorbeeld 9 Fronto-temporale dementie (FTD) ................................................................................................50
Ento-rhinale en peri-rhinale cortex ....................................................................................................................50
Voorbeeld 10 Onwenselijke, persoonlijke eigenschappen in potentiële partners..............................................50
Hippocampale formatie......................................................................................................................................50
Voorbeeld 11 Radical brain surgery patiënt H.M. .............................................................................................51
Voorbeeld 12 Het effect van alcohol op neurogenese .......................................................................................52
De amygdala ......................................................................................................................................................52
College 12. Limbisch systeem en motorisch gedrag ..........................................................................................53
Neuronale/hormonale controle ..........................................................................................................................53
Diffuse projecties ...............................................................................................................................................53
Dopamine ......................................................................................................................................................54
Noradrenaline ................................................................................................................................................54
Acetylcholine ................................................................................................................................................55
Seretonine......................................................................................................................................................55
Specifieke projecties (Martin 11-6 A) ...............................................................................................................55
Voorbeeld 13 CVA: centrale faciale parese (Martin 11-6 B) ............................................................................56
Voorbeeld 14 Bell’s palsy..................................................................................................................................56
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