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Exam of 54 pages for the course AP Psych Journal Module 4 at AP Psych Journal Module 4 (ap exam_ apush.)
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ap exam: apushabolitionist movement - ANS-movement dedicated to the abolition of slavery that existed
primarily in the North in years leading up to the Civil War and consisted of both white
and black members
advertising age - ANS-term first used to describe America's consumer culture of the
1920s, when advertising began to influence the choice of purchasers.
affirmative action - ANS-policies that began in the 1970s to make up for the past
discrimination and give minorities and women advantages in applying for certain jobs
and applying for admission to certain universities.
affluent society - ANS-term used by economist John Kenneth Galbraith to describe the
American economy in the 1950's, during which time many Americans became
enraptured with appliances and homes in the suburbs.
agricultural adjustment administration (AAA) - ANS-established by the Agricultural Act of
1932, a New Deal bureau designed to restore economic position of farmers by paying
them NOT to farm foods that were being overproduced.
agricultural marketing act of 1929 - ANS-act championed by Herbert Hoover that
authorized the lending of federal money to farmer's cooperatives to buy crops to keep
the from the oversaturated market; program hampered by lack of adequate federal
financial support.
albany congress (1754) - ANS-meeting of representatives of seven colonies to
coordinate their efforts against French and Native American threats in the Western
frontier regions.
alien and sedition acts - ANS-proposed and supported by John Adams, gave the
president the power to expel aliens deemed "dangerous to the country's well-being" and
outlawed publication and public pronouncement of "false, scandalous, and malicious"
statements about the government.
allied powers - ANS-coalition of nations that to 0pposed Germany, Italy, and Japan in
World War II; led by England, the Soviet Union, and the United States. In World War I,
the coalition consisted of France, Russia and Great Britain. This group opposed the
Central powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy).
,america first committee - ANS-isolationist group in America that insisted that America
stay out of World War II; held rallies from 1939 to 1941; argued that affairs in Europe
should be settles by Europeans and not Americans and stated that the Soviet Union
was a greater eventual threat than Nazi Germany.
american colonization force - ANS-formed in 1817, stated that the best way to end the
slavery problem in the United States was for blacks to emigrate to Africa. By 1822, a
few American blacks emigrated to Liberia.. Organization's views were later rejected by
most abolitionists.
american expeditionary force - ANS-official title of American army sent to Europe to aid
England and France after United States entered World war I; army was commanded by
General John J. Pershing.
american federation of labor (AFL) - ANS-national labor union founded by Samuel
Gompers in 1886; original goal was to organize skilled workers by craft. merged with
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in 1955.
american indian movement (AIM) - ANS-native american organizations founded in 1968
to protest government policies and injustices suffered by native americans; in 1973
organized armed occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
American liberty league - ANS-formed in 1934 by anti-New Deal politicians and
business leaders to oppose policies brought America closer to fascism.
american system - ANS-economic plan promoted by Speaker of House Henry Clay in
years following War of 1812, which promoted vigorous growth of the american economy
and the use of protective tariffs to encourage americans to buy more domestic goods.
anaconda copper company - ANS-large mining syndicate typical of many companies
involved in mining in the western United States in the 1860s and 1870s; used heavy
machinery and professional engineers. Many prospectors who found gold, silver, or
copper sold their claims to companies such as this.
anaconda plan - ANS-critical component of initial Union plans to win the Civil War;
called for capture of critical Southern ports and eventual control of Mississppi River,
which would create major economic and strategic difficulties for the confederancy.
,antifederalists - ANS-group that opposed that ratification of the proposed Constitution of
the United States in 1787; many feared that strong central government would remove
the processes o government "from the people" and replicate the excesses of the British
monarchy.
anti-imperialist league - ANS-organization formed in 1898 to oppose American
annexation of the Philippines and American imperialism in general; focused the public
on the potential financial, military, and especially moral costs of imperialism.
anti-saloon league - ANS-organization founded in 1893 that increased public awareness
of the social effects of alcohol on society; supported politicians who favored prohibition
and promoted statewide referendums in Western and Southern states to ban alcohol.
appomattox - ANS-in the courthouse of this Virginia city Robert E. Lee surrendered his
Confederate army to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865.
army-mccarthy hearings - ANS-1954 televised hearings on charges that Senator
Joseph McCarthy was unfairly tarnishing the U.S. Army with charges of Communist
infiltration into the armed forces; hearings were the beginning of the end for McCarthy,
whose bullying tactics were repeatedly demonstrated.
articles of confederation - ANS-ratified in 1781, this document established the first
official government of the United States; allowed much power to remain in the states,
with the federal government possessing only limited powers. Was replaced by the
Constitution in 1788.
astrolabe - ANS-an instrument that enabled navigators to calculate their latitude using
the sun and the stars; allowed more accuracy in plotting routes during the Age of
Discovery.
battle of the atlantic - ANS-began in spring 1941 with the sinking of an American
merchant vessel by warships of American and Germany took place in September 1941;
American merchant vessels were armed by 1942.
atlantic charter - ANS-fall 1941 agreement between Franklin Roosevelt and Winston
Churchill, stating that America and Great Britain would support a postwar world based
on self-determination and would endorse a world body to ensure "general security." U.S.
agreement to convoy merchant ships across part of the Atlantic inevitably drew America
closer to conflict with Germany.
, aztecs - ANS-advanced indian society located in central Mexico; conquered by Spanish
conquistador Cortes. The defeat of the Aztecs was hastened by smallpox brought to
Mexico by the Spanish.
valley forge - ANS-location where general Washington stationed his troops for the winter
of 1777 to 1778. soldiers suffered hunger, cold, and disease: nearly 1300 deserted over
the course of the winter. morale of the remaining troops was raised by the drilling and
discipline instilled by Baron von Steuben, a former Prussian officer who had volunteered
to aid the colonial army.
vertical integration - ANS-type of industrial organization practiced in the late nineteenth
century and pioneered by Andrew Carnegie and United States Steel. under this system
all of the various business activities needed to produce and sell a finished product
(procuring the raw materials, preparing them, producing them, marketing them, and
then selling them) would be done by the same company
vicksburg, battle of - ANS-after a lengthy siege, this Confederate city along the
Mississippi River was finally taken by Union forces in July 1863. this victory gave the
Union virtual control of the Mississippi River and was a serious psychological blow to
the Confederacy
vietcong - ANS-during the vietnam era, forces that existed within South Vietnam that
were fighting for the victory of the North Vietnamese. Vietcong forces were pivotal in the
initial successes of the Tet Offensive, which did much to make many in America
question the American war effort in Vietnam and played a crucial role in the eventual
defeat of the South Vietnamese government
vietnamization - ANS-the process begun by Richard Nixon of removing American troops
from Vietnam and turning more of the fighting of the Vietnam war over to the South
Vietnamese. Nixon continued to use intense bombing to aid the South Vietnamese
efforts as more American troops were being pulled out of Vietnam. In 1973, a peace
treaty was finally signed with North Vietnam, allowing American troops to leave the
country and all American POWs to be released. In March 1975, North Vietnamese and
Vietcong force captured Saigon and emerged victorious in the war
virginia plan - ANS-a concept of government crafted by James Madison and adopted by
delegates to the convention that created the U.S. Constitution; this plan proposed a
stronger central government than had existed under the Articles of Confederation to
prevent too much power being placed in the hands of one person or persons. the plan
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