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APUSH Test_ Periods 1-9 Review Questions
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APUSH Test: Periods 1-9 ReviewQuestions
Compare & contrast North American tribes with Central & South American tribes in
terms of area, population, political structure & culture - ANS-N.A.
-less sophisticated than C & SA tribes bc of how slowly the cultivation of maize spread
northward from Mexico
-smaller than those in C & S.A.
Central & South American
-Aztec's capital (Tenochtitlan) equivalent to Europe's largest cities
-Mayas and Aztecs grew maize
-Incas grew potatoes
-highly organized
-carried extensive trade
-created calendars based on accurate measurements
How did corn/maize cultivation impact the development of indigenous cultures in
Central, South, and North America? - ANS-excess corn empowered people to
specialize in other fields rather than grow agriculture
What two characteristics are common to nomadic cultures & in what part of North
America were nomadic cultures present? - ANS--hunting and gathering
-nomadic tribes present in SW, Great Basin, and Great Plains
When were horses introduced to Native American cultures & what impact did horses
have on Native Americans ways of life? - ANS--introduced by conquistadors
-made Native American lives easier by allowing them to follow buffalo easier
Explain three impacts of the slave trade on the Western Hemisphere -
ANS--dependency on slave labor increased, rather than relying on indentured servants
-Europeans established more sugar plantations in the Caribbean bc using slaves was
so profitable
-Indian population replaced by African slaves
What countries were involved in the Treaty of Tordesillas & what did each country get as
a result of this treaty? - ANS--Imaginary line that divided North and South America for
Portugal and Spain
,-Spain got lands west of the line
-Portugal got lands east of the line, including Brazil
Who were the conquistadores, what did they do, & how did they impact Spain's
economic status? - ANS--Spanish forces that conquered native American tribes
-Improved Spain's economy by increasing its gold supply
What continents make up the Western Hemisphere & what European countries
explored which ares of each continent? - ANS--North America and South America
-Spain: North and South America
-Portugal: South American
-France: North America
-England: North America
-Dutch: North America
What was the main cause of the Pueblo Revolt & what was the end result? -
ANS--Indians unhappy due to harsh efforts by the Spanish to Christianize the Indians
-First successful Indian revolt, but only for 12 years
Who was Bartolome de Las Casas & how was his perspective on the Native Americans
different from most Europeans? - ANS--Spanish priest
-Advocated for better treatment of Indians
-Tried to pass New Laws of 1542 for better Indian treatment but failed bc of
conservative Spaniards in favor of the encomienda system
Describe three key factors that led to the European push for exploration. -
ANS--Advanced technology
-Desire to spread religion
-Desire to find new trade routes to Asia
What are the similarities and differences between English, French, and Spanish
treatment of Native Americans? - ANS-Spanish:
-conquered the natives and used them in the encomienda system
-intermarried and thus created mestizos (mix of spanish/indian children)
-because they were only part spanish, mestizos didn't have as much social power as
pure breed Spaniards
French:
-traded with the Indians by setting up trading posts
,-helped the Indians fight the English
-intermarried
English:
-respected the Indians at first
-didn't intermarry
-later on, believed the Indians were worthless and caused them to move out west
What were 2 positive and 2 negative impacts of the Columbian Exchange? -
ANS-Positive:
-Europeans improved diets and lifespans
-Horses and cows made Europeans' lives easier
Negative:
-Diseases killed 90% of the Native Americans
-Influenced the start of the slave trade
What were the geographic & economic causes of Jamestown's early struggles for
survival. What saved Jamestown? - ANS--Geographic cause: swampy location
-Economic cause: colonists were unaccustomed to hard labor so they wouldn't work.
-John Rolfe and his wife Pocahontas were able to save Jamestown by developing
tobacco which would become a profitable crop
Explain 2 differences b/w the colonies of Jamestown & Massachusetts Bay. -
ANS--colonies in Massachusetts Bay weren't located near swampy areas
-Jamestown wasn't as religious as the colonies in Massachusetts Bay.
Describe 2 examples of democracy in Virginia & New England. Defend how democratic
the colonies were. - ANS--Virginia: colonists come up with their representative assembly
called the House of Burgesses.
-New England: Pilgrims write the Mayflower Compact, declaring that the will of the
marjory is best for all.
Reasons for labor shortages in early colonial society. Describe 3 ways early colonists
tried to increase the labor supply. - ANS--reasons for labor shortages: high death rates
from diseases, food shortages, and battles with the American Indians.
-ways colonists tried to increase labor supply: indentured servants, headright system,
and importing West African slaves.
, What was the primary cause of Bacon's Rebellion? Did Bacon succeed in overthrowing
the Virginia government? What were two long-term effects of the Rebellion? -
ANS--poorer farmers weren't getting the same rights as the wealthier farmers got
-Bacon succeeded up to the point when he died and therefore the whole rebel army fell
apart.
-long-term effects: showed sharp class differences and colonial resistance to royal
control.
What is 1 similarity and 1 difference b/w founding of Rhode Island and Connecticut? -
ANS-Similarity: both colonies were founded by people who didn't agree with the Puritan
religion
-Difference: Rhode Island was founded by people who were banished from the Puritans
whereas Connecticut was founded by people who weren't banished from the Puritans.
What was the cause of King Philip's War? Explain how the Indians were or were not
successful in fighting against the colonists. - ANS--Caused by unhappy Native
American's who didn't like the idea of the English colonists intruding their land.
-Indians weren't successful in fighting against the colonists because the colonial forces
killed King Phillip and that ended most of the Indians resistance.
What are 3 important aspects of William Penn's "Holy Experiment"? - ANS--to provide a
refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people
-to use liberal ideas in the government
-to generate profits for Penn himself.
Define mercantilism. What are 2 negative & 2 positive impacts of mercantilism on the
American colonists? - ANS--system where colonies would provide raw materials to the
parent country and then the parent country would sell manufactured goods from those
raw materials back to the colonies
-negative effects: limited colonial development and forced farmers to accept low prices
for their crops.
-positive effects: prospered the shipbuilding industry and provided English military
forces to protect the colonies.
Explain 3 reasons why slavery came to be the dominant labor system in the southern
colonies. How was African slavery central to the triangular trade? - ANS--indentured
servants became too expensive
-slavery provided a stable labor force totally under the slaveowners control
-slaves were used to working/living under direct sunlight whereas the British were not.
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