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English 126- Fallacy.
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English 126- Fallacy.
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English 126- FallacyInductive Reasoning - correct answer-uses patterns to arrive at a conclusion (conjecture).
involves going from a series of specific cases to a general statement. The conclusion in an
inductive argument is never guaranteed.
EX: Every quiz has been easy. Therefore, the test will be easy.
Deductive Reasoning - correct answer-uses facts, rules, definitions or properties to arrive at
a conclusion. A type of logic in which one goes from a general statement to a specific
instance.
EX:All students eat pizza. Claire is a student at wmhs. Therefore, Claire eats pizza.
Syllogism - correct answer-An argument composed of two statements or premises (the
major and minor premises), followed by a conclusion.
Valid/ Invalid - correct answer-For any given set of premises, if the conclusion is guaranteed,
the arguments is said to be valid.
If the conclusion is not guaranteed (at least one instance in which the conclusion does not
follow), the argument is said to be invalid.
Appeal to Authority - correct answer-Using an authority as evidence in your argument when
the authority is not really an authority on the facts relevant to the argument. As the audience,
allowing an irrelevant authority to add credibility to the claim being made.
According to person 1, Y is true.
Therefore, Y is true.
Inconsistency - correct answer-holding two or more views/beliefs that cannot all be true
together.
"I never said most of the things I said." - Yogi Berra
Straw Man - correct answer-misrepresented someone's argument to make it easier to attack.
EX: After Will said that we should put more money into health and education, Warren
responded by saying that he was surprised that Will hates our country so much that he
wants to leave it defenceless by cutting military spending.
False Dilemma - correct answer-When only two choices are presented yet more exist, or a
spectrum of possible choices exists between two extremes. "This - or - that"
Either X or Y is true.
Either X, Y, or Z is true.
You are either with God or against him.
Begging the Question - correct answer-Conclusion assumed in premises. Presented a
circular argument in which the conclusion was included in the premise.
EX: Claim X assumes X is true.
Therefore, claim X is true.
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