Exam (elaborations)
Level 1 MLT
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Exam of 34 pages for the course 126 MTTC English as a Second Language at 126 MTTC English as a Second Language (Level 1 MLT)
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Level 1 MLTParaffinic. Naphthenic - ANS-Name the two most common types of mineral-based oils.
Which would have the highest VI?
Which would have the lowest pour point?
Temperature - ANS-What unit of measure is used with flash point and pour point?
Lower - ANS-Is the specific gravity of a mineral oil typically higher or lower than
synthetic lubricants?
PAO - ANS-Which has a higher VI, a PAO or a solvent-refined (Group 1) mineral oil?
It goes up - ANS-When and oil oxidizes, how does it's viscosity typically change?
Winter - ANS-In the SAE crankcase viscosity classification 0W-30, what does the W
stand for?
SAE OW-30 - ANS-Of the following motor oil's, which oil is best suited for cold start
conditions?
•SAE 15W-50
•SAE 40
•SAE 20
•SAE OW-30
SAE 30 - ANS-When a SAE 20 is blended with a SAE 40, will the resulted viscosity be
closer to SAE 30 or SAE 60.
Better thermal stability, high VI, lower pour point, natural detergency (some cases), fire
resistance (some cases). - ANS-Name four possible benefits of using synthetic base oil
as a lubricant.
Polyalphaolepin (PAO) - ANS-Name the synthetic base oil that is widely used as
crankcase oil and is mixable with mineral oil.
Phosphate ester, water glycol, oil-water emulsions. - ANS-Name three fluids that are
used as fire-resistant hydraulic fluids.
,Esters such as phosphate ester, polyol ester, dibasic acid ester. - ANS-What types of
synthetics are at rick for water-induced degradation called hydrolysis?
Incompatibility with base oils and / or additives. - ANS-What is a common cause of seal
swell or seal shrinkage?
American Petroleum Institute - ANS-What does API stand for?
American Society for Testing and Materials - ANS-What does ASTM stand for?
Both - ANS-Which of the following would be considered a white oil?
Group III Hydrocracked Mineral oil
Group IV PAO Synthetic
PAO - ANS-Which of the following would have the highest VI.
PAO
Hydrocracked mineral oil
Solvent refined paraffinic
Phosphate ester
False - ANS-A mineral base oil that has a lot of aromatics and sulfur is less prone to
oxidation.
True or False
False - ANS-Mineral base oils that have a very high VI are more prone to dissolve
additives.
True or False
Salt, Wax, Aromatics, Sulfur compound, Solids, Water - ANS-Name four impurities of
mineral oils that are removed in the refining process.
10-30% - ANS-What concentration of additives might be found in typical Diesel engine
crank case.
Dispersants, Detergents, AW additives, EP additives, Rust inhibitors - ANS-Name three
types of polar additives.
Dirt and airborne dust, Engine ware debris, Rust, Fuel soot, Manufacturing or rebuild
debris, Failed filter debris - ANS-What type of solid contaminants might you find in a
used diesel crankcase oil?
,Hindered phenols, aromatic amines, ZDDP - ANS-Name three types of antioxidants
high temperature, water oil aeration, metal catalyst ( for example, wear debris). -
ANS-Name common causes of lubricant oxidation.
Sludge / varnish formation, oil darkening, acids and putrid oil odor. - ANS-What are the
common indications of oil oxidation that are observed with the human senses.
Causes corrosive wear, oil flow is hampered by varnish and sludge, filters plug, increase
viscosity causes heat build-up and oil flow problems. - ANS-How does oxidized oil affect
machine reliability
Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation test - others FTIR, DSC, Cyclic Voltametry,
elemental spectroscopy (ZDDP) - ANS-Which test can be used to asses the depletion of
antioxidant additives.
To produce a barrier film on oil-wet ferrous surfaces to repel water. - ANS-What is the
roll of a rust inhibitor?
All lubricants except for some synthetics (phosphate ester for instance) are formulated
with rust inhibitors. - ANS-Name four lubricant types that are typically formulated with
rust inhibitors.
Motor oils, also some compressor oils, paper machine oils, and gas engine oils. -
ANS-Name a common lubricant that uses a detergent additive.
Neutralize acids and control deposits - ANS-What are the two functions of a crankcase
oil detergent additives
Dispersant - ANS-Name the additive that is polar, envelops soot, and keeps it finely
divided.
Coolant contamination, overextended oil drain, water contamination, high blowby, long
idling, high elevation, exhaust gas recirculation - ANS-Name common causes of loss of
dispersancy in motor oil.
Engine deposits, sludge, impaired lubrication and oil flow - ANS-What are the
consequences of a loss of dispersancy?
, Rust inhibitor - ANS-What is the name of the additive that is primarily designed to
control rust?
VI improver - ANS-What is a common additive found in SAE OW-30 motor oil but not
found in SAE 30 motor oil?
Viscosity increases, AN increase, darker color, putrid oil Odor, the oil will oxidize. -
ANS-In the case of an oil that has operated for an extended period of time with depleted
antioxidant additives, how might the properties of that oil change?
Pour point depressant - ANS-Name the additive that specifically reduces an oil's
tendency to fail to flow at cold start-up temperatures.
Silicone - ANS-Name a common polymer used as an anti foam agent.
Anti wear and antioxidantion - ANS-What properties are provided by the additive
ZDDP?
Zinc and phosphorous - ANS-Which two metals are often seen on oil analysis reports
that come from the additive ZDDP?
Sulfur phosphorous - ANS-Name a common EP additive that is soluble in oil
Molybdenum disulfide, graphite, PTFE, borate - ANS-Name four solid lubricants found
in some gear oils and grease.
sulphur and phosphorus EP additives - ANS-What type of additives is known to polish
gear teeth?
AW - ANS-Which of these two additives is commonly found in hydraulic fluids: AW or
EP?
Antioxidants and rust inhibitors - also demulsifying agents, foam inhibitors. - ANS-Name
two additives found in turbine oil.
Oxidation, hydrolysis, thermal degradation, sheer down. - ANS-Describe three common
ways additives physically or chemically decompose in service.
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