Summary
Summary Voluntary Manslaughter
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Includes: - Diminished Responsibility - Loss of control
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s.52 Coroners and Justice Act - Partial defences, s.54 Coroners and2009 amended s(2)(1) of the - Downgrades murder to Justice Act 2009
Homicide Act 1957 voluntary MS.
Voluntary Manslaughter (defences) Loss of
BOP – on the D on a balance of Control BOP – On prosecution to
prove beyond reasonable
Diminished probabilities. (R v Foye)
doubt.
Responsibility
1. D must lose control =
s.54(2) – LOC needn’t be
sudden (). Can be put
RMC causes AOMF – Requirement
AOMF – ‘a state of mind so before a jury.
for ME by medical experts seen in 2. Qualifying Trigger = s.55
R v Byrne. Example is R v different from that of ordinary
Dietschmann, alcohol dependency human beings that the Fear Trigger –
syndrome. reasonable man would term it
Fear of serious violence.
abnormal’ (R v Byrne). Reasonable
man should mean medical expert. Cannot be incited (R v
Dawes).
Anger Trigger –
1. Constituted circumstances
SI – AOMF must SI the D’s ability of an extremely grave
to: character. (r v hatter)
Understand nature of 2. Justifiable sense of being
3. s.54(1)(c) – a person of wronged. (r v bowyer)
their own conduct, Causes conduct by providing their sex and age, with a
Form rational judgement, an explanation for conduct. Cannot be incited (see above)
normal degree of tolerance,
Exercise self-control.
might have reacted in the Sexual infidelity disregarded
Must be one or more^ same way in the same (R v Clinton).
circumstances.
R v Golds.
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