POLITIEKE ANALYSE
Inhoud
De welvaartsstaat................................................................................................................................. 6
1. Historiek.......................................................................................................................................... 6
2. Kenmerken.................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Werking......................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Herverdeling van inkomen....................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Sociale uitkeringen.................................................................................................................. 13
3.3 Collectieve voorziening............................................................................................................ 14
4. Sociaal overleg.............................................................................................................................. 14
4.1 Neo-corporatisme.................................................................................................................... 14
4.2 Organisatie van het sociaal overleg......................................................................................... 15
4.3 De macht van de sociale partners........................................................................................... 15
5. Crisis en herstructurering.............................................................................................................. 15
5.1 Discussie over de welvaartsstaat............................................................................................ 15
5.2 Hervorming: de ‘actieve welvaartsstaat’..................................................................................16
5.3 Twijfelachtige uitgangspunten................................................................................................. 16
5.4 Twijfelachtige resultaten.......................................................................................................... 17
5.5 Conclusie................................................................................................................................. 17
Staatshervormingen........................................................................................................................... 18
1. Hervormingen van unitaire tot federale staat.................................................................................18
1.1 Vóór de eerste staatshervorming............................................................................................. 18
1.2 De eerste staatshervorming 1970-1971...................................................................................19
1.3 De tweede staatshervorming 1980.......................................................................................... 20
1.4 De derde staatshervorming 1988............................................................................................ 21
1.5 De vierde staatshervorming 1993............................................................................................ 21
1.6 De vijfde staatshervorming 1999-2001 (lambermont-lombard)................................................22
2. De moeizame zesde staatshervorming......................................................................................... 22
2.1 De inhoudelijke discussies....................................................................................................... 22
2.2 regeringsvorming 2007............................................................................................................ 24
2.3 De zesde staatshervorming (Vlinderakkoord) 2011.................................................................24
3. De verkiezingen van 2019............................................................................................................. 25
3.1 Kernproblemen........................................................................................................................ 25
3.2 Vivaldi...................................................................................................................................... 25
5. De toekomst?................................................................................................................................ 25
5.1 De grote keuzes...................................................................................................................... 25
5.2 Komt er nog een staatshervorming?........................................................................................ 26
Pagina 1 van 80
, 5.3 Probleem van onduidelijke taakverdeling................................................................................26
Vlaamse politiek.................................................................................................................................. 27
1. Bevoegdheden van Vlaanderen.................................................................................................... 27
2. Het Vlaams parlement................................................................................................................... 27
2.1 Taken Vlaams parlement......................................................................................................... 28
2.2 Organisatie Vlaams parlement................................................................................................ 28
2.3 Het Vlaamse parlement: spanningen.......................................................................................29
3. De Vlaamse regering.................................................................................................................... 30
3.1 Vlaams regeerbeleid................................................................................................................ 30
3.2 Kabinetten............................................................................................................................... 31
4. De Vlaamse administratie............................................................................................................. 32
4.1 Structuur van de administratie................................................................................................. 32
4.2 De agentschappen.................................................................................................................. 33
4.3 De pijnpunten.......................................................................................................................... 33
5. De bovenbouw van het Vlaamse beleid........................................................................................ 33
5.1 De strategische adviesraden................................................................................................... 33
5.2 Beoordelings- en visitatiecommissies......................................................................................34
5.3 Steunpunten............................................................................................................................ 34
6. Het Vlaams welzijnsbeleid............................................................................................................. 35
6.1 Organisatie van het welzijsnbeleid.......................................................................................... 35
6.2 Vlaamse sociale bescherming................................................................................................. 35
6.3 Uitdagingen............................................................................................................................. 36
7. Het Vlaams cultuurbeleid.............................................................................................................. 36
7.1 Structuur departement cultuur................................................................................................. 36
7.2 Ideologie en cultuurbeleid........................................................................................................ 37
8. Van idee tot beleid........................................................................................................................ 37
Belgische politiek............................................................................................................................... 38
1. Bevoegdheden.............................................................................................................................. 38
2. De koning...................................................................................................................................... 38
3. De regering................................................................................................................................... 39
3.1 Kern van de politieke macht.................................................................................................... 39
3.2 Regeringsvorming................................................................................................................... 39
3.3 De regering ‘valt’...................................................................................................................... 40
3.4 De premier............................................................................................................................... 41
3.5 Ministers en staatssecretarissen............................................................................................. 41
3.6 Ministerraad............................................................................................................................. 41
4. Het parlement................................................................................................................................ 43
4.1 Eén parlement, twee kamers................................................................................................... 43
4.2 Functies van de kamer............................................................................................................ 43
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, 4.3 Organisatie van de kamer........................................................................................................ 43
4.4 Parlement onder druk.............................................................................................................. 44
5. De weg van de wet........................................................................................................................ 44
5.1 Van idee tot wetsontwerp........................................................................................................ 44
5.2 Van initiatief tot wet................................................................................................................. 45
5.3 De procedure om de grondwet te wijzigen...............................................................................45
5.4 Interfederale diensten en instellingen......................................................................................45
7. Toezicht op het openbaar bestuur................................................................................................. 46
7.1 Het rekenhof............................................................................................................................ 46
7.2 De raad van state.................................................................................................................... 46
7.3 Het grondwettelijk hof.............................................................................................................. 46
7.4 Controlecomité P..................................................................................................................... 46
7.5 Controlecomité I...................................................................................................................... 46
Europese politiek................................................................................................................................ 47
1. Europese geschiedenis................................................................................................................. 47
1.1 Korte historiek.......................................................................................................................... 47
1.2 De grote verdragen.................................................................................................................. 48
1.3 Symbolen................................................................................................................................. 48
2. De unie vandaag........................................................................................................................... 48
2.1 Uitbreiding?............................................................................................................................. 50
2.2 Inkrimping?.............................................................................................................................. 50
3. De europese structuur................................................................................................................... 51
4. Instellingen.................................................................................................................................... 52
4.1 De Europese Raad.................................................................................................................. 52
4.2 De comissie............................................................................................................................. 52
4.3 Raad van ministers.................................................................................................................. 52
4.4 Het parlement.......................................................................................................................... 53
4.5 Het hof van justitie................................................................................................................... 55
4.6 De Europese Centrale Bank (ECB)......................................................................................... 55
4.7 Adviesorganen......................................................................................................................... 57
4.8 Overzicht Europese instellingen.............................................................................................. 57
5. Beslissingen.................................................................................................................................. 58
5.1 Algemeen................................................................................................................................ 58
5.2 Bevoegdheden........................................................................................................................ 58
5.3 Wetgevingsprocedure.............................................................................................................. 59
5.4 Open CoördinatieMethode....................................................................................................... 61
6. Begroting....................................................................................................................................... 62
6.1 Principes.................................................................................................................................. 62
6.2 Inkomsten................................................................................................................................ 62
Pagina 3 van 80
, 6.3 De sixpack............................................................................................................................... 62
6.4 De twopack.............................................................................................................................. 62
6.5 Discussiepunten...................................................................................................................... 62
7. De burger en de EU...................................................................................................................... 63
8. Belangengroepen.......................................................................................................................... 63
9. België en de EU............................................................................................................................ 64
10. Sociaal Europa............................................................................................................................ 64
11. De toekomst................................................................................................................................ 65
11.1 Een visie................................................................................................................................ 65
11.2 Alternatief.............................................................................................................................. 66
11.3 To do..................................................................................................................................... 66
Mondiale politiek................................................................................................................................. 67
1. Mondialisering............................................................................................................................... 67
1.1 De wereld wordt kleiner, en groter........................................................................................... 67
1.2 Hoe nieuw is mondialisering?.................................................................................................. 67
1.3 De ongelijke ontwikkeling van mondialisering..........................................................................68
1.4 Actuele discussie: ‘deglobalisering’?.......................................................................................69
2. De hedendaagse neoliberale mondialisering................................................................................71
2.1 Politieke aandrijfriem: neoliberalisme......................................................................................71
2.2 Het neoliberale project: de Washington consensus.................................................................71
2.3 De macht van de financiële markten.......................................................................................72
2.4 Transnationale ondernemingen............................................................................................... 72
2.5 Kledingindustrie: mondialisering gestuurd door internationale merken....................................73
3. De mentale geografie van mondialisering: kosmopolitisme en identiteitspolitiek..........................73
3.1 Onbehagen.............................................................................................................................. 73
3.2 Opstoten van identitaire politiek............................................................................................... 74
3.3 Uitweg?.................................................................................................................................... 74
4. Mondiale instellingen..................................................................................................................... 74
4.1 Politieke mondialiseringsgolven............................................................................................... 74
4.2 Huidige politieke mondialisering.............................................................................................. 75
4.3 Handvest Verenigde Naties..................................................................................................... 75
4.4 Structuur en werking van VN................................................................................................... 76
4.5 De VN-familie.......................................................................................................................... 77
5. SDG’s een gedeelde agenda?...................................................................................................... 77
6. Mondiaal protest............................................................................................................................ 78
6.1 Mondialisering roept protest uit................................................................................................ 78
6.2 Historiek vanaf 1990................................................................................................................ 78
6.3 Betekenis van mondiale protest?............................................................................................. 79
7. Mondialisering is een uitdaging!.................................................................................................... 79
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