S-190 Intro to Wildland Fire Behavior Exam Questions and answers With 100% Complete Solutions

S-190 Intro to Wildland Fire Behavior Exam Questions and answers With 100% Complete Solutions The precise location where a competent ignition source came into contact with the material first ignited and sustained combustion occurred. - Point of Origin The side of the fire having the fastest rate of spread - Head of a fire The part of a fire's perimeter that is roughly parallel to the main direction of fire spread. - Flank of a fire That portion of a fire edge opposite the head. - Rear of the fire That portion of a fire spreading directly into the wind or down slope. - Rear of the fire The slowest spreading portion of a fire edge. Also called the heel of a fire. - Rear of the fire The entire outer edge or boundary of the fire - Fire Perimeter The long narrow extensions of a fire projecting from the main body - Fingers of fire Unburned indentations in the fire edge formed by fingers or slow burning areas - Pockets of a fire Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter - Island Fire ignited outside the perimeter of the main fire by fire brand - Spot fire Fire burning without flame and barely spreading - Smoldering Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly - Creeping fire Behavior of a fire spreading rapidly with a well defined head - Running fire Behavior of a fire producing sparks or embers that are carried by the wind and which start new fires beyond the zone of direct ignition by the main fire - Spotting The burning of the foliage of a single tree or a small group of trees, from the bottom up. - Torching A fire that advances from top to top of trees shrubs more or less independent of a surface fire. - Crown Fires Any sudden acceleration in the rate of spread or intensification of the fire. Of relatively short duration and does not change existing control patterns. - Flare up Spinning vortex column of ascending hot air and gases rising from a fire and carrying aloft smoke, debris, and flame. These range in size from less than one foot to over 500 feet in diameter. Have the intensity of a small tornado. - Firewhirl That portion of the fire with slower rates of fire spread and lower intensity, normally moving into the wind and/or down slope. - Backing fire That zone of a moving fire where combustion is primarily flaming. Is shallower in light fuels and deeper in heavy fuels - Flaming Front An advantageous location, usually a barrier to fire spread, from which to start constructing a fireline. this location is used to minimize the chance of being flanked by the fire while the line is being constructed - Anchor point An inclusive term for all constructed or natural barriers and treated fire edges used to contain a fire - Control Line The part of a containment or control line that is scraped or dug to mineral soil. - Fireline Extinguishing or removing the burning material near control lines, felling snags, and trenching logs to prevent rolling after an area has burned, to make a fire safe, or to reduce residual smoke. - Mop-Up The status of a wildfire suppression action signifying that a control line has been completed around the fire, and any associated spot fires, which can reasonably be *expected to stop* a fire's spread. - Contained The completion of a control line around a fire, any spot fires, and any interior islands to be saved. Burnout any unburned area adjacent to the fire side of the control lines. Cool down all hot spots that are immediate threats to the control line, until the lines can reasonably be *expected to hold* under the foreseeable conditions. - Controlled Difference between Contained and Controlled - Contained- Perimeter control line in place and *expected to stop* fire's spread Controlled- Perimeter control line in place and *expected to hold* fire's spread A unit of measure in land survey, equal to 66 feet (20 M) - Chain How many chains equal one mile? - 80 How many square chains equals one acre? - 10 When is a fire controlled? - When the fire is expected to hold under reasonable conditions. These aspects are the most critical in terms of start and spread of wildland fires. - South and Southwest Slopes The direction the slope is facing - Aspect This aspect of a slope generally has lighter and sparser fuels, higher temperatures, lower humidity, lower fuel moisture. - South and Southwest