1. 3 Conventions of Illustrations - ANS -Spatial orientation, Lighting, Qualities
of line
2. Discipline-Specific Convention - ANS -a "common language" using precision
and consistency to allow for meaningful comparison and better
understanding (universal vocabulary)
3. Spatial Orientation - ANS -common, precise language instead of ambiguous
words like "top, bottom, up and down". Instead lateral vs medial, superior
vs inferior, ventral/anterior vs dorsal/posterior, proximal vs distal, palmar
and plantar
,4. Planes of Spatial Orientation - ANS -Sagittal (l/r), midsagittal (l/r),
transverse/horizontal (t/b), coronal (f/b)
5. Lighting in Illustration - ANS -A SINGLE light source is optimal to reveal
form & texture, should be 45° up and left of the subject. Secondary
source/reflected light fills in shadow and adds additional info.
6. Scientific Lighting Convention - ANS -Upper left light
7. Highlight - ANS -Lightest part of the object, where light is directly hitting
8. Reflected light - ANS -On opposite side to light source, slight light of source
bouncing back
9. Cast shadow - ANS -The shadow thrown by a form onto an adjacent or
nearby surface in a direction away from the light source. GENERALLY
REMOVED IN ILLUSTRATIONS
, 10.Umbra - ANS -The darkest part of a shadow
11.Core shadow - ANS -The darkest part of a shadow on the object
12.Penumbra - ANS -the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially
blocked
13.Light and Form - ANS -Ex. Surface of moon is revealed in detail from angled
light, skull: details of contours
14.Convex vs. Concave - ANS -Convex: bump out, concave: bumps inwards
15.Light and Texture - ANS -Matte: not much variability in light and shadow
Smooth: more variability in light and shadow
Glossy/Wet: much variability in light and shadow, highlight very noticeable
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