Summary
Samenvatting Slaag nu!
- Course
- Institution
Deze samenvatting is gebaseerd op de lesinhouden, de PowerPoints en het handboek.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
mariedegryse
Content preview
Sociale psychologie1
,Inhoud
1 Hoofdstuk 1: wat is sociale psychologie?.............................................................................................6
1.1 Studieobject en definitie van de sociale psychologie....................................................................7
1.2 Werkwijze van de sociale psychologie..........................................................................................7
1.2.1 Drie dimensies.......................................................................................................................7
1.2.2 Het experiment als methode.................................................................................................7
2 Hoofdstuk 2: hulpverlenend gedrag....................................................................................................9
2.1 Kitty Genovese............................................................................................................................10
2.1.1 De nacht van de moord.......................................................................................................10
2.2 Diffusie van de verantwoordelijkheid.........................................................................................10
2.2.1 Experiment 1........................................................................................................................11
2.2.2 Experiment 2........................................................................................................................12
2.3 Factoren van invloed op het hulpverlenend gedrag...................................................................12
2.3.1 Bekendheid van medegetuigen...........................................................................................12
2.3.1.1 Experiment 3.................................................................................................................13
2.3.2 Competentie van de omstanders.........................................................................................13
2.3.3 Kosten en baten...................................................................................................................13
2.3.3.1 Negatieve gevolgen van het helpen..............................................................................14
2.3.3.2 Positieve gevolgen van het helpen...............................................................................15
2.3.3.3 Negatieve gevolgen van het niet-helpen......................................................................15
2.3.3.4 Positieve gevolgen van het niet-helpen........................................................................16
2.3.3.5 Schuldgevoel (hoort bij negatieve gevolgen van het niet-helpen)................................16
2.3.4 Inschatten van de ernst van de noodsituatie.......................................................................16
2.3.5 Kenmerken van de hulpverlener..........................................................................................17
2.3.6 Kenmerken van het slachtoffer............................................................................................17
2.4 Cognitief decisiemodel (Darley en Latané).................................................................................19
3 Hoofdstuk 3: agressie........................................................................................................................20
3.1 Inleiding en definitie...................................................................................................................20
3.2 Agressief gedrag en de prikkelsituatie........................................................................................20
3.3 Territoriumleer...........................................................................................................................20
3.4 Intrapersoonlijke oorzaken.........................................................................................................22
3.4.1 Persoonlijkheid....................................................................................................................22
3.4.2 Competitie...........................................................................................................................22
3.4.3 Emoties................................................................................................................................22
3.5 Aangeleerde agressie..................................................................................................................23
2
,4 Hoofdstuk 4: gehoorzaamheid..........................................................................................................25
4.1 Het gehoorzaamheidsexperiment van Stanley Milgram.............................................................25
4.1.1 Proefopstelling van het Milgram-experiment......................................................................25
4.1.2 Resultaten van het Milgram-experiment.............................................................................26
4.1.3 Gelijkenissen en verschillen met de Holocaust....................................................................26
4.1.4 Varianten op het basisexperiment.......................................................................................27
4.1.5 Ethische en methodologische bedenkingen........................................................................27
4.2 Waarom gehoorzamen we zo makkelijk?...................................................................................27
4.2.1 Tendens tot groepsvorming.................................................................................................27
4.2.2 Tendens tot hiërarchisering.................................................................................................28
4.2.3 The agentic shift...................................................................................................................28
4.2.4 Psychologische mechanismen tijdens het gehoorzamen.....................................................28
4.2.5 Bindende factoren...............................................................................................................29
5 Hoofdstuk 5: macht en onmacht.......................................................................................................30
5.1 Stanford prison experiment........................................................................................................30
5.1.1 De onderzoeksopzet............................................................................................................30
5.1.2 Start van het experiment.....................................................................................................31
5.1.3 Het verloop van het experiment..........................................................................................32
5.1.4 Besluit..................................................................................................................................33
5.1.5 Kritische bespreking.............................................................................................................33
5.1.6 Aanbevelingen voor de penitentiaire instellingen...............................................................34
5.2 Stockholm-syndroom..................................................................................................................34
5.3 Aangeleerde hulpeloosheid........................................................................................................34
5.3.1 Het begrip ‘aangeleerde hulpeloosheid’..............................................................................34
5.3.2 Het basisexperiment van Martin Seligman..........................................................................35
5.3.3 Uitputting als verklaring?.....................................................................................................35
5.3.4 Aangeleerde vadsigheid.......................................................................................................35
5.3.5 5.3.6 niet kennen!................................................................................................................36
5.3.6 5.3.7. ook niet kennen!........................................................................................................36
5.3.7 5.3.8.....................................................................................................................................36
5.3.8 5.3.9.....................................................................................................................................36
5.3.9 5.3.10. allemaal niet kennen!..............................................................................................36
5.3.10 (On)voorspelbaarheid........................................................................................................36
5.3.11 Subjectieve gedragscontrole..............................................................................................37
5.3.11.1 Plotse-dood-fenomeen...............................................................................................39
6 Hoofdstuk 6: sociale cognitie en sociale perceptie............................................................................40
3
, 6.1.1 Selectie in de sociale waarneming.......................................................................................40
6.1.2 We zien niet alles wat er is..................................................................................................40
6.1.3 We zien vaak slechts fracties van gedragingen (momentopnamen)....................................40
6.1.4 We selecteren zelf tussen wat we (willen) zien en wat niet................................................40
6.1.5 We lokken het gedrag uit dat we verwachten te zien..........................................................41
6.2 Interpretatie in de sociale waarneming......................................................................................41
6.2.1 Causale attributie.................................................................................................................41
6.2.1.1 Kelly’s covariatiemodel.................................................................................................42
6.2.2 Causale schema’s.................................................................................................................43
6.2.3 Attributiefouten...................................................................................................................43
6.3 Structurering in de sociale waarneming.....................................................................................44
6.3.1 Impliciete persoonlijkheidstheorieën..................................................................................44
6.3.2 Het seriële positie-effect......................................................................................................45
6.3.2.1 Primacy-effect...............................................................................................................45
6.3.2.2 Het recency-effect........................................................................................................46
7 Hoofdstuk 7: zelfcognitie en zelfperceptie........................................................................................47
7.1 Zelfperceptietheorie (Daryl Bem)...............................................................................................47
7.2 Zelfattributie...............................................................................................................................48
7.2.1 Dimensies van attributie – Weiner.......................................................................................48
7.3 Attributiestijl (Julian Rotter)........................................................................................................48
7.3.1 Beheersingoriëntatie...........................................................................................................48
7.3.2 Persoonlijke en maatschappelijke beheersinsoriëntatie......................................................48
7.4 Sociale activeringstheorie (Zajonc).............................................................................................49
7.4.1 Competitie als verklaring?...................................................................................................49
7.4.2 Sociale activeringstheorie van Zajonc..................................................................................49
7.4.3 Sociale facilitatie en inhibitie bij kakkerlakken: niet kennen!!.............................................50
7.4.4 Evaluatievrees?....................................................................................................................50
7.4.5 Social loafing (sociaal lanterfanten).....................................................................................50
8 Hoofdstuk 8: attitudeleer..................................................................................................................52
8.1 Inleiding......................................................................................................................................52
8.1.1 Het begrip attitude..............................................................................................................52
8.1.2 Tripartite van attitudes........................................................................................................52
8.2 Ontstaan en vervorming van attitudes.......................................................................................52
8.2.1 Cognitieve invloeden...........................................................................................................52
8.2.2 Centrale VS perifere route naar overtuiging........................................................................54
8.2.2.1 Centrale route...............................................................................................................54
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller mariedegryse. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.98. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78998 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now