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BCHM 218 Final Exam With Complete Solution
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BCHM 218 Final Exam With Complete Solution...
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BCHM 218 Final Exam With Complete Solution What two amino acids are histones rich in? - ANSWER lysine and arginine Central dogma - ANSWER DNA --> Transcrption --> RNA --> translation --> Protein what are the roles of the 2 DN strands in relation to transcription? - ANSWER Template makes RNA and the coding strand in original DNA is the same as the RNA but with T -->U which way does RNA pol transcribe? - ANSWER 5' --> 3' where is the transcriptional start site located? - ANSWER upstream (more 5') from the initiation codon what components create an UTR? - ANSWER transcrptionstart site and the initiation codon what is the translation start site? - ANSWER AUG coding for MET what are the sub units of the polymerase haloeyzyme? - ANSWER 2 alpha and 3 (beta, beta' and gamma(W)) what type of action does the holoenzyme perform? - ANSWER clamping draw the entry exit site of the halo enzyme - ANSWER notes page 1 how do ASP and Mg 2+ coordinate RNA synthesis? - ANSWER ASP coordinates Mg, 3' OH is deprotonated so it is available for a nucleophilic attach on the phosphate. P1 is cleaved and added the the growing chain, what are the 2 proof reading methods of RNA polymerase? - ANSWER kinetic: stalls and the performs reverse pyrophosphorysis nucleolytic: moves past the error and then back tracks the hydrolyses the phosphodiester bond. what is the error rate of RNA vs DNA? - ANSWER rna= 104- 105 DNA 106 what does it mean when we decrease th CT in q PCR? - ANSWER we are reaching threshold faster therefore starting off with more initial product (could be increasing transcription of the gene or increasing stability) what are the steps of transcription? - ANSWER initiation: RNA pol binds to the promoter elongation: rNTPS are added to the template strand efficiently termination: RNA product is released what is the role of a sigma factor and what organism is it found in? - ANSWER bacteria, different units on the polymerase that help it offer context specific transcription. different sigma factors activiate different genes what is the common sigma factor in coli and what is its role? - ANSWER sigma 70- house keeping gene function what is the general promoter sequence for bacteria and what is the specific one for sigma 70? - ANSWER 2 binding regions and a spacer spacer of 16-18 bp and promoter regions at -35 and - 10 what happens when we vary from the promoter consensus sequence? - ANSWER we may not get efficient gene production but is some cases this is okay(ie. if the gene is vital and we want to take it in any form we can get!) what is the purpose of rigid control in gene consensus sequences? - ANSWER used for genes we want to heavily regulate and do not want to turn on by accident how does primer independent initiation work? why is it used? - ANSWER used because of the diversity and complexity of mRNA. -DNA interacts with the pol holoenzyme in closed conformation - N terminus is blocking DNA entry so it moves so DNA can get in. - we try binding many times in the first 8-10 nucleotides but have an equal chance of falling off - once we move past this problem area, sigma falls off because it is not needed. what is the role of Pol 2? - ANSWER synthesizes mRNA what is the role of RNA pol 3? - ANSWER produces tRNAS and requires TATA what are the 4 components of eukaryotic promoter? - ANSWER TATA box Pol 3 Gene activators and co activatorsThe benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
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