Unit 5 - Energy transfers in and between organisms
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Summary Topic 5 - Energy Transfers - AQA A-level Biology
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Unit 5 - Energy transfers in and between organisms
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Unit 5 - Energy transfers in and between organisms
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Photosynthesis
LIGHT coz
v u
REDUCEDNADP
H2O LDR LIR GLUCOSE
ATP
82
Limiting factors
Light Intensity
coz conc
Temperature
If askedwhy increase in causesincrease in rate uptake of CO2
egg
In investigation whyis x kept constant
TEMP affects enzyme activity rate of Pass
Ensures only haseffecton rate ofPass
units for rate of Pass
CO2uptake 102 made glucose made per min see1hr
whyradioactively label substance
, Light dependent reaction
d
thylakoid i
space sunlight s
F M r
i
e carrier
th
morosystemit ecarrier
a a a
Noma a tho sotzetant s
Photo
ionisation
Photosystem II contains chlorophyll
chlorophyll absorbssunlight whichexcites electrons in chlorophyll
2 electrons perchlorophyllmolecule are lost
2 Photolysis of water
n
H2O to zé ant movesthroughAtpsynthasetocausecatalysis
wasteproduct replaces
e inchlorophyll
3 ElectronTransport Chain
seriesofredoxreactions
Electrons fromchlorophyllmovealongelectrontransportchain in thylakoidmembrane until findCar
Electroncarrierreducedwhengainingé and oxidised when e lost
movement of electrons releasesenergy for At of Ht ions
4 Chemiosmosis
H protons are pumped
byActivetransport from stroma thylakoid space
energy for At is fromelectronmovement originally from sunlight
5 Reduction of NADP
At final é carrier NADP is reduced by é andHt to form reducedNADP NADPH
NADP Ht e NADPH
6 Photophosphorylation
Ht protons movedown electrochemical gradient by facilitateddiffusion through Atpsynthase
Movement of HtcausesAtpsynthase to catalyse ADP pi ATP
I
usedtoregenerate IIP 3carbonmolecule glycerate 3 phosphate
GRUBP
g egg g g g
NADPtattata
YoIe'd't
releasesenergy
required ATP ADP Pi l releases energy for reaction
12TP 3carbon molecule triosephosphate
TP can also form glyceroland AA
Glucose 6carbonmolecule
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