interactions, helping students develop healthy social skills (Ainsworth
et al., 1978).
1.1.3 Psychosocial Theory of Development
Theorist: Erik Erikson
Importance/Relevance to Teachers: Erikson's theory outlines eight
stages of psychosocial development, each characterized by a specific
conflict that must be resolved. Teachers can:
Understand Developmental Stages: Recognize the challenges
students face at different ages, such as trust vs. mistrust (infancy) or
identity vs. role confusion (adolescence) (Erikson, 1950).
Support Identity Formation: Help students navigate identity issues
during adolescence, offering guidance and support (Erikson, 1950).
Foster a Sense of Competence: Encourage students to take on
tasks and challenges, building their sense of industry and
competence (Erikson, 1950).
Promote Social and Emotional Growth: Provide opportunities for
students to develop social skills and self-confidence (Erikson, 1950).
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