Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology Chapter 36 Questions With Verified Answers
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Porth\'s Essentials Of Pathophysiology
Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology Chapter 36 Questions With Verified Answers
?, whether it involves walking, running, or precise finger movements, requires movement and maintenance of posture
Motor function
The ? contains the neuronal circuits that mediate a variety of reflexes and autom...
Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology
Chapter 36 Questions With Verified Answers
?, whether it involves walking, running, or precise finger movements, requires movement and
maintenance of posture
Motor function
The ? contains the neuronal circuits that mediate a variety of reflexes and automatic rhythmic
movements
spinal cord
Most reflexes are?, meaning that they involve one or more interposed interneurons
polysynaptic
The medial descending system of the brain stem contribute to the control of ? by integrating visual,
vestibular, and somatosensory information
posture
The ? is the highest level of motor function
cortex
The primary ? cortex is located on the rostral surface and adjacent portions of the central sulcus
motor
The ? and ? provide feedback circuits that regulate cortical and brain stem motor areas
cerebellum, basal ganglia
Cerebellar ? are involved with the timing and coordination of movements that are in progress and
with learning of motor skills
circuits
The ?, which are distributed throughout the belly of a muscle, relay information about muscle length
and rate of stretch
muscle spindles
? are found in muscle tendons and transmit information about muscle tension or force of contraction
at the junction of the muscle and tendon that attaches to bone
Golgi tendon organs
Stretch reflexes tend to be hypoactive or absent in cases of ? nerve damage or ventral horn injury
involving the test area
peripheral
Abnormalities in any part of the ? pathway can produce muscle weakness
motor
, Muscular ? usually results from LMN lesions as well as diseases of the muscle themselves
atrophy
Any interruption of the myotatic or stretch reflex circuitry by peripheral nerve injury, pathology of the
neuromuscular junction, injury to the spinal cord, or damage to the corticospinal system can result in
disturbances of ?
muscle tone
Hyperactive reflexes are suggestive of a(n) ? disorder
upper motor neuron
? suggests the presence of an LMN lesion
Hyporefexia
Disorders affecting the nerve cell body are often referred to as ? ; those affecting the nerve axon, as ?
neuropathies; and primary disorders affecting the muscle fibers as ?
Lower motor neuron disorders, peripheral, myopathies
Muscular ? is a term applied to a number of genetic disorders that produce progressive deteriorations
of skeletal muscles because of mixed muscle cell hypertrophy, atrophy, and necrosis
dystrophy
If the lower motor neuron dies or its axon is destroyed, the skeletal muscle cell beings to have
temporary spontaneous contractions called ?
fasciculations
? muscle dystrophy is inherited as a recessive single-gene defect on the X chromosome and is
transmitted from the mother to her male offspring
Duchenne
The ? serves as a synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber
neuromuscular junction
Neurotoxins from the botulism organism (C. botulinum) produce paralysis by blocking ? release
acetylcholine
? is a disorder of transmission at the neuromuscular junction that affects communication between the
motor neuron and the innervated muscle cell
Myasthenia gravis
Lower motor neuron diseases are progressive neurologic illnesses that selectively affect the anterior
horn cells of the ? and ? motor neurons
spinal cord, cranial nerve
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