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critical care/flight paramedic exam/241 Questions with Answers
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critical care/flight paramedic exam/241Questions with Answers
babinski reflex - -extension and spreading of toes when bottom of foot is
stroked. sign of nervous system lesion
-battles sign - -bruise behind ear, basilar skull fracture
-becks triad - -jvd, muffled heart tones, hypotension. from cardiac
tamponade
-brudzinski sign - -flexion of the neck results in flexion of the hip. meningitis
-coopernails sign - -ecchymosis on perineum, labia, scrotum. sign of pelvis
fracture
-cullens sign - -bruising around umbilicus. Sign of pancreatitis or ectopic
pregnancy
-grey turners sign - -discoloration of skin around flank. sign of pancreatitis
-hammans sign - -crunching sound of heart with asynchronous heart beat.
sign of mediastinal emphysema/tracheobronchial disruption
-kehrs sign - -left shoulder pain associated with splenic rupture
-kernigs sign - -pain to knee extension when hip is at 90 degrees. sign of
meningitis
-levines sign - -pain with clutched fist over midline of chest. sign of cardiac
chest pain
-mcburneys sign - -tenderness 2/3 the distance between umbilicus and
ileum. sign of appendicitis
-muphys sign - -pt unable to take deep breath on inspiration with deep
palpation beneath right coastal margins. sign of gall bladder issues
-S2 "dub" heart tones - -aortic and pulmonary valve closure
-s1 "lub" sound - -bicuspic/tricuspid valve closure
-stroke volume is affected by - -preload, afterload, contractility
, -s4 heart tone - -indicative of stiff or noncompliant ventricle, like with an old
MI
-s3 heart tone - -ventricle stretch due to fluid overload
-right coronary artery is typically repaired by using - -saphenous vein
-dresslers sign - -pericarditis from recent MI or cardiac surgery
-alpha 1 stimulation results in - -increased SVR/vasoconstriction
-beta 1 stimulation results in - -increased HR, contractility
-janeway lesions and osler nodes are indicative of - -endocarditis
-elevated BNP signals - -increased stretching of ventricles. found in CHF
-where should a cardiac transducer be placed? - -phlebostatic axis (4th
intercostal space midaxillary)
-what does the dicrotic notch symbolize? - -aortic valve closing
-saline from ART line should infuse at what rate - -3ml/hr
-normal central venous pressure (CVP) - -2-6
-when utilizing a swan ganz catheter, never exceed ____mL of air in distal
balloon - -1.5
-coronary perfusion pressure calculation - -PAWP-DBP (should be 50-60)
-PAWP range - -8-12
-PVR range - -50-250
-PA pressure - -15-25 systolic, 8-15 diastolic
-SVR range - -800-1200
-what does PVR signify - -right heart afterload, pulmonary vascular
resistance
-what is PCWP - -same as pAWP
-left heart preload is also called - -left ventricular end diastolic pressure
LVEDP
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