Berenice Ings – The Early Tudors 1485 - 1558
The Mid Tudors – Edward + Mary
monarc Weaknesses of the Mid • Issues of Edward VI’s age
hy Tudor Monarchs • The weaknesses in government and finance inherited
from Henry VIII
• Somerset’s seizure of power
• Issues of Mary Tudor’s gender and age
Marriage and securing the • Lady Jane Grey, Northumberland and the devise for the
succession succession in 1553
• Mary Tudor securing the Throne
• Marriage of Mary Tudor and Philip of Spain and its failure
• The peaceful succession in 1558
Government and Faction • Faction and its impact during the rule of Somerset and
1549-58 Northumberland
• Somerset as Lord Protector and Northumberland as
President of the Council
o Control of government and faction
o Economy, finance and the problem of debasement
o Social and economic problems
o Foreign policy Scotland and France
• Factional conflict under Somerset and Northumberland
• The government of Mary Tudor
• Factional conflict between Paget and Gardiner under
Mary.
Religiou Key figures • The Role of Somerset and Northumberland
s • Edward VI’s beliefs
change • Protestant reformers
s • Mary I
• Stephen Gardiner and Bishop Bonner
The religious and • Protestant Legislation
ecclesiastical policies • Book of homilies
1547–1558 • Repeal of the Act of Six articles
• The Prayer Books
• Acts of Uniformity
• 42 articles
• Mary I’s legislation
• Acts of repeal
• Parliamentary resistance
• Bonners Homilies
• 12 Decrees
• Persecution of Protestants
• The extent and results of religious change under Edward
and Mary
Reaction to Religious • Support for changes
Changes • Opposition to changes
• The religious changes at a local level
• Unrest and upheaval connected to religion
• Attitudes to Marian policies, Catholic restoration and
persecution.
Rebellio Causes and nature of • Causes of Rebellion
n and rebellion and unrest • Issues of succession
unrest • Religion
• Taxes
• Enclosure
• Other Economic /social problems
• Nature of Rebellions
• Threat to the Crown
• Religious challenges
• Resistance to government authority
Social and economic • Inflation
problems and their role in • Poverty
rebellion • Inflation and price rises
1
, Berenice Ings – The Early Tudors 1485 - 1558
• Enclosure
The rebellions of 1549 • Causes of Western and Kett rebellions
• Events of the Rebellions
• Consequences of the rebellions
Rebellions against Mary • 1553 (Lady Jane Grey)
Tudor • Role of Religion
• Northumberland and succession
• Mary’s response to the rebellion
• 1554 (Wyatt)
• The Spanish Marriage
• Protestantism as a factor in rebellion
• The planned rebellion
• Wyatt’s rebellion and its failure
• Consequences of Wyatt’s rebellion
The stability of the monarchy
Problems caused by Edward’s minority
There were concerns that a minor on the throne would be
unable to lead troops in battle, therefore weakening the
military moral and threat to other countries.
Other states may be able to exploit the weakness of a minor
on attack- no experience.
Fears that a minor would not be able to control factional
struggles, even Henry VIII struggled at this.
There were concerns about his image- it would be difficult to
portray him as powerful and king- like, as his father was.
However, to combat this he was portrayed mostly on
horseback, symbolising his strength.
Problem of being ruled by a protector- made people more likely
to challenge authority. This is apparent through Western and
Kett’s rebellion.
HVR fears were not major as it was assumed Edward would
grow to reach adulthood and produce heirs. There had been
minors on throne before.
Problems caused by Mary’s gender
There had only been one other female ruler of England prior to
Mary- Matilda I who’s short reign resulted in a civil war.
People feared that a woman would weaken the monarchy- they
think she would be unable to control faction, unable to lead an
army into battle, and in general unable to rule the country
effectively.
John Knox wrote The First Blast and Trumpet Against the
Monstrous Regiment of Women which expressed views that a
women ruler was against God and unnatural.
2
The Mid Tudors – Edward + Mary
monarc Weaknesses of the Mid • Issues of Edward VI’s age
hy Tudor Monarchs • The weaknesses in government and finance inherited
from Henry VIII
• Somerset’s seizure of power
• Issues of Mary Tudor’s gender and age
Marriage and securing the • Lady Jane Grey, Northumberland and the devise for the
succession succession in 1553
• Mary Tudor securing the Throne
• Marriage of Mary Tudor and Philip of Spain and its failure
• The peaceful succession in 1558
Government and Faction • Faction and its impact during the rule of Somerset and
1549-58 Northumberland
• Somerset as Lord Protector and Northumberland as
President of the Council
o Control of government and faction
o Economy, finance and the problem of debasement
o Social and economic problems
o Foreign policy Scotland and France
• Factional conflict under Somerset and Northumberland
• The government of Mary Tudor
• Factional conflict between Paget and Gardiner under
Mary.
Religiou Key figures • The Role of Somerset and Northumberland
s • Edward VI’s beliefs
change • Protestant reformers
s • Mary I
• Stephen Gardiner and Bishop Bonner
The religious and • Protestant Legislation
ecclesiastical policies • Book of homilies
1547–1558 • Repeal of the Act of Six articles
• The Prayer Books
• Acts of Uniformity
• 42 articles
• Mary I’s legislation
• Acts of repeal
• Parliamentary resistance
• Bonners Homilies
• 12 Decrees
• Persecution of Protestants
• The extent and results of religious change under Edward
and Mary
Reaction to Religious • Support for changes
Changes • Opposition to changes
• The religious changes at a local level
• Unrest and upheaval connected to religion
• Attitudes to Marian policies, Catholic restoration and
persecution.
Rebellio Causes and nature of • Causes of Rebellion
n and rebellion and unrest • Issues of succession
unrest • Religion
• Taxes
• Enclosure
• Other Economic /social problems
• Nature of Rebellions
• Threat to the Crown
• Religious challenges
• Resistance to government authority
Social and economic • Inflation
problems and their role in • Poverty
rebellion • Inflation and price rises
1
, Berenice Ings – The Early Tudors 1485 - 1558
• Enclosure
The rebellions of 1549 • Causes of Western and Kett rebellions
• Events of the Rebellions
• Consequences of the rebellions
Rebellions against Mary • 1553 (Lady Jane Grey)
Tudor • Role of Religion
• Northumberland and succession
• Mary’s response to the rebellion
• 1554 (Wyatt)
• The Spanish Marriage
• Protestantism as a factor in rebellion
• The planned rebellion
• Wyatt’s rebellion and its failure
• Consequences of Wyatt’s rebellion
The stability of the monarchy
Problems caused by Edward’s minority
There were concerns that a minor on the throne would be
unable to lead troops in battle, therefore weakening the
military moral and threat to other countries.
Other states may be able to exploit the weakness of a minor
on attack- no experience.
Fears that a minor would not be able to control factional
struggles, even Henry VIII struggled at this.
There were concerns about his image- it would be difficult to
portray him as powerful and king- like, as his father was.
However, to combat this he was portrayed mostly on
horseback, symbolising his strength.
Problem of being ruled by a protector- made people more likely
to challenge authority. This is apparent through Western and
Kett’s rebellion.
HVR fears were not major as it was assumed Edward would
grow to reach adulthood and produce heirs. There had been
minors on throne before.
Problems caused by Mary’s gender
There had only been one other female ruler of England prior to
Mary- Matilda I who’s short reign resulted in a civil war.
People feared that a woman would weaken the monarchy- they
think she would be unable to control faction, unable to lead an
army into battle, and in general unable to rule the country
effectively.
John Knox wrote The First Blast and Trumpet Against the
Monstrous Regiment of Women which expressed views that a
women ruler was against God and unnatural.
2
