BIO 182 Exam 4 NAU Questions and solutions

Be familiar with the common characteristics of animals. - - Multicellular heterotrophs - cells lack cell walls -most have nerves, muscles, and capacity to move at some point in the life cycle - able to reproduce sexually - specialized sensory structures and nervous system - cells exist in extensive extracellular matrix - unique cell junctions What type of life cycle do all animals show? - gametic What is the most likely ancestor of animals? - choanoflagellates What are the 3 major features that were traditionally used to classify animals? Know the different variations on these 3 major features. - 1. Tissues - metazoa - parazoa - porifera (sponges) - eumetazoa 2. Body Symmetry - radial symmetry - bilateral symmetry 3. Specific features of embryonic development - protosome - deutrosome Be able to draw/identify the phylogenetic tree based off those three major features. - See chapter 26 phylogeny tree What are the features of protostome and deuterostome development? - Protostome: - spiral cleavage - cleavage is determinate - blastopore becomes mouth Deutrostome: - radial cleavage - cleavage in indeterminate - blastopore becomes anus What is the focused gene for molecular analysis used in animal diversity? - Compare similarities between DNA and ribosomal RNA of animals Sometimes focus on small subunit ribosomal RNA What are the 2 new invertebrate clades that resulted from molecular analysis of the rRNA region of the genome? - Ecdysozoa: - named for ecdysis (molting) - nematodes, arthropods, and a few other minor phyla Lophotrochozoa: - named for the lophophore (feeding tentacles) and trochophore larva - mollusks, annelids, and several other phyla