Exam (elaborations)
UNMC Patho 2 Exam 1 (Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Carcinogenesis, Renal)
- Course
- Institution
UNMC Patho 2 Exam 1 (Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Carcinogenesis, Renal)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
UNMCPatho
2
Exam
1
(Liver,
Gallbladder,
Pancreas,
Carcinogenesis,
Renal)
The
process
of
taking
in
and
using
food
for
growth,
repair,
and
maintenance
of
the
body
includes
ingestion,
digestion,
absorption,
and
metabolism
-
ANS-nutrition
Inflammation
-
ANS-adaptive
response
of
the
body
to
injury
or
illness
How
many
functions
is
the
liver
responsible
for?
-
ANS-about
500
lobule
-
ANS-functional
unit
of
the
liver
hepatocyte
-
ANS-liver
cells
that
produce
and
secrete
bile
bile
-
ANS-stimulates
peristalsis
and
breaks
down
fats
in
intestine
canaliculus
-
ANS-channels
between
hepatocytes
that
drain
bile
into
the
common
bile
duct
then
into
the
duodenum
and
gall
bladder
hepatic
artery
-
ANS-carries
oxygenated
blood
into
liver
portal
vein
-
ANS-carries
unoxygenated
blood
that
is
high
in
nutrients
(from
draining
venous
blood
from
all
GI
organs)
into
the
liver;
thus
provides
energy
for
liver
function
sinusoid
-
ANS-capillaries
between
hepatocytes,
carry
blood
to
hepatic
vein
Kupffer
cells
-
ANS-line
sinusoids,
cells
which
act
as
macrophages
to
destroy
old
WBCs,
RBCs,
and
bacteria
hepatic
vein
-
ANS-carries
blood
from
sinusoids
to
the
inferior
vena
cava
metabolism
of
bile
steps
-
ANS-1.
Old
erythrocytes
(RBCs)
break
down
in
bloodstream
2.
Heme
breakdown
produces
bilirubin
in
blood
(unconjugated
=
fat
soluble
only)
3.
Bilirubin
circulates
through
liver
and
is
conjugated
in
the
hepatocytes
(conjugated
=
water
soluble
only) 4.
Conjugated
bilirubin
leaves
liver
(orange/yellow
bile)
via
bile/hepatic
duct
5.
Excreted
into
duodenum,
converted
to
urobilinogen
(gives
stool
brown
color)
6.
Excreted
via
feces
conjugated
-
ANS-water
soluble
only
unconjugated
-
ANS-fat
soluble
only
Why
does
bilirubin
need
to
be
conjugated?
-
ANS-UNconjugated
bilirubin
is
fat-soluble,
so
would
be
reabsorbed
in
the
duodenum,
NOT
excreted
Conjugated
bilirubin
is
water-soluble,
so
it
will
be
excreted
in
the
feces
What
lab
test
detects
UNconjugated
Bilirubin?
-
ANS-indirect
What
lab
test
detects
Conjugated
Bilirubin?
-
ANS-direct
urobilinogen
-
ANS-gives
stool
its
brown
color
bile
contains
-
ANS-water
electrolytes
bile
acids
cholesterol
bilirubin
how
much
bile
does
an
adult
produce
a
day?
-
ANS-400-800mL
Jaundice
-
ANS-symptom
of
liver
disease
caused
by
hyperbilirubinemia
why
does
skin
appear
yellow
with
jaundice?
-
ANS-deposition
of
bile
pigment
in
the
skin
and
sclera
jaundice
etiologies
-
ANS-any
type
of
liver
disease
gallstones
3
types
of
jaundice
-
ANS-1.
hemolytic
jaundice
2.
intrahepatic
obstructive
jaundice
3.
extrahepatic
obstructive
jaundice hemolytic
jaundice
-
ANS-excessive
lysis
of
RBCs
liver
can't
keep
up
with
conjugating
increased
unconjugated
bilirubin
build
up
in
blood
intrahepatic
obstructive
jaundice
-
ANS-hepatocellular
damage,
so
liver
can't
conjugate
or
excrete
bilirubin
increased
unconjugated
bilirubin
build
up
in
blood
extrahepatic
obstructive
jaundice
-
ANS-bile
duct
obstruction
(such
as
a
gallstone)
so
bile
cannot
get
through
leads
to
increased
conjugated
bilirubin
to
accumulate
in
the
liver
and
blood
stream
hepatitis
-
ANS-inflammation
of
the
liver
what
can
hepatitis
lead
to?
-
ANS-degeneration,
scarring,
and
necrosis
of
hepatocytes
hep
A
-
ANS-infectious
hep
A
onset
-
ANS-acute,
sudden
hep
A
sources
of
infection
-
ANS-contaminated
food
and
water,
poor
sanitation
hep
A
mode
of
transmission
-
ANS-fecal-oral
route
blood
(uncommon)
hep
A
chronic
state
-
ANS-none,
self-limiting
hep
A
manifestations
-
ANS--fever
-malaise
-anorexia
-nausea
-jaundice
hep
B
onset
-
ANS-insidious,
gradual
hep
B
-
ANS-serum
hep
B
sources
of
infection
-
ANS-blood:
needles,
syringes,
sexual
contact
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller amelyn. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77764 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now