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WGU D313 Anatomy and Physiology 2024 | Precise Exam Questions and In-Depth Solutions (westernGU)
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WGU D313 Anatomy and Physiology 2024 | Precise Exam Questions and In-Depth Solutions
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WGU D313 Anatomy and Physiology ObjectiveAssessment 2025 | Up-to-Date Exam
Questions with Detailed Answers
1. Which of the following structures is responsible for producing red
blood cells in the adult human body?
A) Liver
B) Bone marrow
C) Spleen
D) Kidneys
Answer: B) Bone marrow
Rationale: The bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis (the
production of blood cells) in adults. The liver and spleen can produce
blood cells during fetal development or in certain disease states, but in
adults, bone marrow is the main source.
2. What is the main function of the mitochondria?
A) Protein synthesis
B) ATP production
C) DNA replication
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B) ATP production
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell
because they produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the cell's
primary energy source. While they are involved in some other
processes, their main function is ATP production.
,3. Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?
A) It is voluntary and striated.
B) It is involuntary and non-striated.
C) It is involuntary and striated.
D) It is voluntary and non-striated.
Answer: C) It is involuntary and striated.
Rationale: Cardiac muscle is involuntary (meaning it is not consciously
controlled) and striated (having a striped appearance under a
microscope), distinguishing it from smooth muscle (non-striated) and
skeletal muscle (voluntary and striated).
4. The function of the myelin sheath in a neuron is to:
A) Increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
B) Maintain cell integrity
C) Produce neurotransmitters
D) Store calcium ions
Answer: A) Increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
Rationale: The myelin sheath, formed by Schwann cells in the
peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous
system, acts as an insulator and increases the speed at which electrical
impulses are transmitted along the axon.
5. Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas to
lower blood sugar levels?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
,C) Cortisol
D) Epinephrine
Answer: A) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin is released by the beta cells of the pancreas and helps
lower blood sugar by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for
energy or storage.
6. The main function of the respiratory system is to:
A) Transport oxygen throughout the body
B) Remove carbon dioxide from the body
C) Maintain body temperature
D) Produce red blood cells
Answer: B) Remove carbon dioxide from the body
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to
exchange gases—oxygen is brought into the body, and carbon dioxide, a
waste product of metabolism, is expelled. Oxygen transport is a
secondary function.
7. What is the primary role of the kidneys in regulating blood
pressure?
A) Secretion of renin
B) Reabsorption of glucose
C) Excretion of urea
D) Regulation of pH balance
Answer: A) Secretion of renin
Rationale: The kidneys play a major role in regulating blood pressure
through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Renin is
secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure and helps
, increase blood pressure by initiating the conversion of angiotensinogen
to angiotensin II, which constricts blood vessels and stimulates
aldosterone release.
8. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling which
of the following?
A) Voluntary muscle movements
B) Heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate
C) Conscious thought processes
D) Sensory input from the skin
Answer: B) Heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate
Rationale: The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary
functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It operates
without conscious thought and is divided into the sympathetic and
parasympathetic branches.
9. The structure that prevents food from entering the trachea during
swallowing is called the:
A) Pharynx
B) Epiglottis
C) Larynx
D) Uvula
Answer: B) Epiglottis
Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the opening of
the trachea during swallowing, preventing food and liquids from
entering the airway and directing them into the esophagus.
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