Exam (elaborations)
RESEARCH METHODS EXAM #18 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
RESEARCH METHODS EXAM #18 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
puritywanjihia
Content preview
RESEARCH METHODS EXAM #18 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSThe application of moral principles to help guide one's decisions and behavior. - correct
answer ethics
The perspective that ethical decisions should be based on helping without personal
benefit. - correct answer altruistic perspective
The perspective that ethical decisions should be based on doing the greatest good for
the greatest number of people - correct answer utilitarian perspective
The perspective that ethical decisions should be based on acting in accordance with
one's own self-interest. - correct answer egoism
An ethical principle of research in which a researcher weighs all the potential and known
benefits against all the potential and known risks before conducting a study. - correct
answer cost-benefit analysis
Do no harm; an ethical obligation to mitigate or eliminate risks to study participants. -
correct answer nonmaleficence
Actively promoting the welfare of others; an ethical obligation to maximize benefits in
research studies. - correct answer beneficence
A guarantee in research studies that individual responses cannot be linked back to
individual participants. - correct answer anonymity
A failure to protect the privacy of individuals, a potential risk to participants. - correct
answer loss of confidentiality
A physical toll that study participation may have; a potential risk to participants. - correct
answer physical harm
A psychological toll that study participation may have such as stress, negative
emotions, or loss of self-esteem; a potential risk to participants. - correct answer
psychological harm
Considering the potential beneficial application of study findings when doing a cost-
benefit analysis. - correct answer cost of not doing the research
Fairness in selecting study participants and in determining which participants receive
the benefits of participation and which bear the burden of risk - correct answer justice
Freely making an informed decision about participation in research - correct answer
autonomy
,An accomplice of the experimenter. - correct answer confederate
An active affirmation of a desire to participate from a person who does not have the
ability to consent themselves; consent must also be sought from the legal guardian -
correct answer assent
Intentionally misleading participants in some fashion - correct answer deception
A board that reviews the ethical merit of all the human research conducted at an
institution - correct answer instituitonal review board (IRB)
A board that reviews the ethical merit and research procedures for all animal research
conducted within an institution and ensures research animals have proper living
conditions. - correct answer institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC)
A commitment to intellectual honesty and adherence to ethical principles in scientific
research. - correct answer scientific integrity
A bias in the scientific community to only publish findings that confirm a researcher's
hypothesis. - correct answer file drawer problem
Representing others' work or ideas as our own, or without giving proper credit. - correct
answer plagiarism
Summarizing others' ideas in our own words while providing a proper citation - correct
answer paraphrase
A mental shortcut strategy for judging the likelihood of an event or situation occurring
based on how easily we can think of similar or relevant instances. - correct answer
availability heuristic
A mental shortcut strategy for determining the likelihood of an event by how much it
resembles what we consider to be a "typical" example of that event. - correct answer
representative heuristic
The tendency to overestimate our skills, abilities, and performance when comparing
ourselves to others - correct answer better-than-average effect
The tendency to be overly confident in the correctness of our own judgments. - correct
answer overconfidence phenomenon
A sense that we "knew it all along" after we learn the actual outcome. - correct answer
hindsight bias
A bias in which we only look for evidence that confirms what we already believe,
thereby strengthening the original belief. - correct answer confirmation bias
, A bias in which we emphasize some pieces of information while undervaluing other
pieces. - correct answer focusing effect
Reflecting on our own thoughts and experiences to find relevant evidence - correct
answer introspection
A failure to see the limitations of our immediate experience, making it difficult to predict
alternative outcomes - correct answer "what you see is all there is" phenomenon
When an introspective analysis regarding a positive experience results in it becoming
less enjoyable. - correct answer pleasure paradox
Maintaining a belief despite encountering contradictory factual information; often
accomplished by interpreting information in a way that does not invalidate the original
belief. - correct answer belief perserverence
Extreme outcomes are more likely when considering a small number of cases - correct
answer law of small numbers
A case or instance that is distinct from the majority of other cases; an oddball. - correct
answer outlier
A systematic approach for addressing questions of interest - correct answer scientific
method
Gaining knowledge with the use of systematic observation, experience, or measurement
- correct answer empirical research
Gaining knowledge with the use of nonsystematic methods such as the examination of
personal experiences and opinions - correct answer nonempirical research
Recreating another person's study to see if the findings are the same. - correct answer
replication
Research dedicated to expanding the existing knowledge on a topic - correct answer
basic research
Claims or beliefs that are misrepresented as being derived from the use of the scientific
method - correct answer pseudoscience
Research dedicated to solving a problem and helping people by improving their quality
of life - correct answer applied research
The process of actively evaluating, applying, analyzing, and synthesizing information. -
correct answer critical thinking skills
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller puritywanjihia. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $14.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75323 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now