Summary for block 1.4 at Erasmus university (). I'm enrolled in international psychology, however the sources and study materials are the same in both psychology courses. Hence, these summaries may also be useful for Dutch students. The summaries are based on at least 2 of the required reading mate...
Hormones
- Amino acid (adrenaline)
- Peptide (oxytocin) hydrophilic
- Protein
- Steroid hydrophobic (fatty)
= able to pass through membrane nucleus receptor
influence gene expression
Diverse, long-lasting effects
Sex hormones are steroids
- Androgens (e.g., testosterone; mainly in testes)
- Estrogens (e.g., estradiol; mainly in ovaries)
- Progestins (e.g., progesterone)
Important gonadal gland = adrenal gland (cortex/medulla)
Pituitary gland
Posterior
Neural connection with hypothalamus
The hormones:
- Vasopressin
- Oxytocin
pair bonding (release in preparation of baby), ejaculation, monogamy, relaxing
Synthesized in hypothalamus (paraventricular/supraoptic nucleus) and transported &
released by neurosecretory cells
= Relation nervous system and endocrine system
, Anterior
Produces many tropic hormones influence other glands to produce a specific
hormone
hypothalamus produces releasing hormones (cause release of tropic hormones in
ant. Pit.)
Hypothalamus is connected to anterior pituitary by a vascular network
(=hypothalamopituitary portal system)
Releasing (or release-inhibiting) hormones are transported to anterior pituitary
Production or inhibition tropic hormone in anterior pituitary
Women go through a hormonal (=menstrual) cycle. FSH promotes
the follicle growth. Lining of uterus slowly begin. FSH combined
with a burst of LH; ovulation.
= Periovulatory period: max fertility
The leftover follicle becomes corpus luteum
Produces progesterone to line the uterus for implantation of
fertilized egg.
no fertilization? = menstruation (shedding of lining)
When a woman is fertile, she often is more receptive/proceptive/sexually attractive/prefers
masculinity.
Development
Sperm and ova (produced in gonads) are haploid (contain only 23 chromosomes, not pairs)
Fuse together and form diploid zygote a pairing of chromosomes.
Sex chromosomes are either X or Y, each gamete contains one of these.
Male: XY
Female: XX
Gonads (6 weeks)
The Y in the male chromosome pair produces the SRY protein testes
Absence of SRY? ovaries
Ducts (3rd month)
The developed testes start to shed testosterone influences development of ‘ducts’
Wolffian = male (presence)
2 systems
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