Summary for block 1.5 at Erasmus university (). I'm enrolled in international psychology, however the sources and study materials are the same in both psychology courses. Hence, these summaries may also be useful for Dutch students. The summaries are based on at least 2 of the required reading mate...
Summary #1 The birds and the bees
Genetic transmission
Nucleus chromosome (46) genes DNA nucleotides (A-T & G-C) amino acid
22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY) {X=large, Y=few genes}
3 nucleotides = 1 amino acid & Chains of amino acids = protein
Protein = essential in bodily processes, give different characteristic to a cell. (enzymes etc.)
Cells can duplicate, thus genetic information can also duplicate
‘zip’ open the DNA helix transcribe the genetic information (complementary to the
nucleotides) formation of mRNA (=copy of gene) reading mRNA = translation
decode mRNA into amino acids produce proteins
2 forms of cell division:
Mitosis
, Meiosis
MITOSIS MEIOSIS
BODY CELLS SEX CELLS/GERM CELLS
DAUGHTER/MOTHER CELLS = IDENTICAL DAUGHTER/MOTHER CELLS = UNIQUE
46 CHROMOSOMES (DIPLOID) 23 CHROMOSOMES (HAPLOID)
NO DNA EXCHANGE CROSSING OVER (+ genetic variation)
Crossing over:
Equivalent sections of chromosomes cross & exchange segments of genetic material across
its length
genetic variability/hereditary uniqueness
The splitting up of either part of the chromosomes happens by chance 2 to the power of
23 = 8 million different germ cells may be created per person.
8 Million different sperm cells X 8 million different egg cells = 64 trillion different possible
children.
Genotype: genetic makeup
Phenotype: observable/measurable
characteristics of an individual
May be affected by environment or other
genes
Genes influence & are influenced
- Intracellular
- Extracellular
determines epigenetics: how
genes are expressed
- External environment
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