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PRO4801 ASSIGNMENT 4 2024
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0717513144 PRO4801 ASSIGN 4 2024 muzavazi47@gmail.comDISCLAIMER
The PRO4801 assignment 4 2024 is a generic document that helps students to compile their
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Question 4.1 .................................................................................................................... 3
Question 4.2 .................................................................................................................... 5
Question 4.3 .................................................................................................................... 7
Question 4.4 .................................................................................................................. 10
Question 4.5 .................................................................................................................. 13
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 20
, 0717513144 PRO4801 ASSIGN 4 2024 muzavazi47@gmail.com
Question 4.1
Defend the following statement:” When uncertainty drops to nearly zero, and when
effort is repeated a large number of times, the work is no longer considered a
project.” [Use - A topology of projects Figure 1.3 (page 5) in the prescribed book.
Do Not Draw the Figure!]. [20]
The statement, "When uncertainty drops to nearly zero, and when effort is repeated a
large number of times, the work is no longer considered a project," reflects key distinctions
between projects and operational work. The defense of this statement can be elaborated
by highlighting the inherent characteristics of projects and contrasting them with
operational activities. This formulates the discussion that follows.
Characteristics of Operational Work
Operational work involves ongoing, repetitive processes that are part of the organization’s
routine activities. Examples include manufacturing, customer service, and maintenance.
Driscoll, Parnell, and Henderson (2022) highlighted that operational activities are highly
predictable with established procedures and minimal uncertainty. They are performed
regularly and have well-defined outputs.
Repetition and Standardization
When an activity is first undertaken as a project, it involves significant planning,
experimentation, and refinement. This phase is characterized by high uncertainty and a
focus on delivering unique outcomes. As the activity becomes well-understood and
processes are standardized, the level of uncertainty diminishes. When the activity can be
performed repeatedly with predictable results, it transitions from a project to an
operational process.
Definition of a Project
According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), a project is a temporary endeavour
undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. The uniqueness and temporary
nature are crucial defining characteristics. Projects typically involve a significant level of
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