Anatomy & Physiology I Final Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Verified
Anatomy - ANSWER-The study of the *structure of the body*
Physiology - ANSWER-The *function of the body*
Levels of Organization - ANSWER-Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System,
Organism
*must be in the right order, smallest to largest*
Functions/processes that distinguish living from nonliving - ANSWER-Maintaining
boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction,
growth & development
Needs to maintain life - ANSWER-Nutrients, oxygen, water, appropriate temperature,
appropriate atmospheric pressure
Homeostasis;what two systems are most important for this - ANSWER-the ability to
maintain a stable internal environment; nervous & endocrine
Negative feedback; ex - ANSWER-physiological response in the opposite direction of
the initial stimulus; ex. thermostat
Positive feedback; ex - ANSWER-output exaggerates the responses; graphs goes up;
ex. bold clotting
Anatomical position - ANSWER-erect spine, arms supinated, knees together, feet
laterally rotated
,Sagittal plane - ANSWER-divided down the middle of the body, two symmetrically
halves, closer to middle of body = medial, further away from to middle of body = lateral,
in the middle of body = intermediate
Frontal plane - ANSWER-divides body into front and back halves, front of body =
anterior, back of body = posterior, (in animals) back side = dorsal, stomach side =
ventral
Transverse plane - ANSWER-divides body at the waist, above the waist = superior,
below the waist = inferior, (in animals) closer to head = cranial, closer to tail = caudal
superior - ANSWER-above
inferior - ANSWER-below
anterior - ANSWER-front
posterior - ANSWER-back
Proximal - ANSWER-closer to origin
Distal - ANSWER-closer to end
Superficial - ANSWER-closer to surface of body
Deep - ANSWER-further from surface of body
Medial - ANSWER-closer to middle of body
Lateral - ANSWER-further from middle of body
, Two main body cavities - ANSWER-dorsal & ventral
Dorsal cavity contains - ANSWER-cranial-->skull encases brain
vertebral-->vertebral column encases spinal cord
Ventral cavity contains which two sub cavities; what separates them - ANSWER-
thoracic-->heart and lungs
abdominopelvic-->separated from thoracic by diaphragm
Thoracic cavity contains - ANSWER-pleural-->each hold a lung
mediastinum (pericardial)-->encloses hearts and surrounds esophagus, trachea, &
other thoracic organs
Abdominopelvic cavity contains - ANSWER-abdominal-->stomach, intestines, spleen,
and liver
pelvic-->urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
serosa membrane; lines what kind of body cavities - ANSWER-parietal-->lines cavity
wall
visceral serosa-->forms around organ
ones that aren't exposed to outside environment
what lines body cavities that are exposed to outside environment - ANSWER-mucous
membrane
9 regions of the body - ANSWER-
four elements that make up the human body - ANSWER-carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and
nitrogen
atomic number - ANSWER-# of protons (equal to # of electrons)
