McCance: Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (8th Edition) TESTBANK
CONTENTS:
Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
Chapter 02: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
Chapter 03: The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
Chapter 04: Genes and Genetic Diseases
Chapter 05: Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
Chapter 06: Epigenetics and Disease
Chapter 07: Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
Chapter 08: Adaptive Immunity
Chapter 09: Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
Chapter 10: Infection
Chapter 11: Stress and Disease
Chapter 12: Cancer Biology
Chapter 13: Cancer Epidemiology
Chapter 14: Cancer in Children
Chapter 15: Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
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Chapter 16: Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
Chapter 17: Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
Chapter 18: Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
Chapter 19: Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
Chapter 20: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
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Chapter 21: Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
Chapter 23: Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
Chapter 24: Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
Chapter 25: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
Chapter 26: Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
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Chapter 27: Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chapter 28: Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
Chapter 29: Alterations of Erythrocytes, Platelets, and Hemostatic Function
Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
Chapter 31: Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
Chapter 32: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
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Chapter 33: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
Chapter 34: Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
Chapter 35: Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
Chapter 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function
Chapter 37: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
Chapter 38: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
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Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
Chapter 40: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
Chapter 41: Structure and Function of the Digestive System
Chapter 42: Alterations of Digestive Function
Chapter 43: Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
Chapter 44: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
Chapter 47: Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
Chapter 48: Alterations of the Integument in Children
Chapter 49: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
Chapter 50: Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
,Part 1: CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CELLS AND TISSUES
Unit I: THE CELL
CHAPTER 01: CELLULAR BIOLOGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic
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absorption.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
2. Where is most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, contained?
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a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: C
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The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
activity. The mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.
Ribosomes’ chief function is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. Lysosomes function
as the intracellular digestive system.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes
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b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: B
, Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a
powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.
Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus
and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain
more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. An endosome is a vesical that has been pinched off from the
cellular membrane.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
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c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes
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within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.
Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the
lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-
digestion. The chief function of a ribosome is to provide sites for cellular protein synthesis. The
Golgi complex is a network of flattened, smooth vesicles and membranes often located near the
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cell nucleus. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in steroid hormone production and
removing toxic substances from the cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
5. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
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a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
b. Secretion of cortisol
c. Increased retention of water
d. Breakdown of fat
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ANS: C
Antidiuretic hormone leads to increased retention of water in the body. Epinephrine causes
increases in heart rate and force of contraction. Increased cortisol secretion is due to ACTH.
Breakdown of fat is due to glucagon.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
, ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period
between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S =
synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which
RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the
next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids
b. Proteases
c. Proteins
d. Carbohydrates
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ANS: C
Proteins have several functions, including acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes,
and enzymes to drive active pumps Lipids help act as the “glue” holding cell membranes
together. Proteases cause the breakdown of protein. Carbohydrates are involved in cellular
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protection and lubrication and help produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades may be useful in designing drug therapy
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for which human diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
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Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human diseases,
including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cardiac, vascular,
gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine disorders do not involve this process.
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PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains
b. Glycoprotein channels
c. Membrane channel proteins
d. Lipid bilayer
ANS: D
