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Exam Paper: Social Dynamics in a Correctional Centre - PEN2602Instructions:
1. Answer all questions.
2. Read each question carefully.
3. Provide detailed explanations where required.
4. Allocate your time wisely.
Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (20 marks)
1. Which of the following theories best explains the impact of prison culture on inmates? a)
Rational Choice Theory
b) Social Learning Theory
c) Strain Theory
d) Labeling Theory
2. The concept of "prisonization" was introduced by: a) Erving Goffman
b) Donald Clemmer
c) Michel Foucault
d) John Irwin
3. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of correctional officers? a) Enforcing prison
rules
b) Rehabilitating inmates
c) Ensuring security
d) Administering legal sentences
4. Which type of prison subculture is characterized by inmates who adapt to the prison
environment by forming close relationships and participating in the inmate economy? a)
Convict Subculture
b) Thief Subculture
c) Legitimate Subculture
d) Gang Subculture
5. The concept of "total institution" is associated with: a) David Garland
b) Gresham Sykes
c) Erving Goffman
d) Norbert Elias
6. Which of the following is a common cause of prison overcrowding? a) High crime rates
b) Longer sentences
, c) Parole violations
d) All of the above
7. The "deprivation model" of prison behavior suggests that: a) Inmate behavior is influenced
by pre-prison socialization.
b) Inmate behavior is influenced by the prison environment.
c) Inmate behavior is a result of biological factors.
d) Inmate behavior is unpredictable.
8. The term "recidivism" refers to: a) The process of adapting to prison life.
b) The act of reoffending after release from prison.
c) The management of inmate behavior.
d) The classification of prison security levels.
9. Which of the following is an example of a restorative justice practice? a) Solitary
confinement
b) Victim-offender mediation
c) Parole hearings
d) Maximum-security prisons
10. The primary goal of rehabilitative programs in correctional facilities is to: a) Punish offenders
b) Reduce recidivism
c) Maintain order
d) Ensure retribution
11. Which of the following best describes the "importation model" of inmate behavior? a)
Inmate behavior is shaped by the prison environment.
b) Inmate behavior is brought into the prison from the outside.
c) Inmate behavior is unpredictable.
d) Inmate behavior is biologically determined.
12. Which type of correctional facility typically houses first-time offenders and non-violent
criminals? a) Minimum-security prison
b) Medium-security prison
c) Maximum-security prison
d) Supermax prison
13. The "inmate code" refers to: a) The official rules set by prison authorities.
b) The unwritten rules and norms followed by inmates.
c) The classification system for inmates.
d) The legal rights of inmates.
14. Which of the following is a key factor in effective prison management? a) Strict enforcement
of rules
b) High staff-to-inmate ratio
c) Availability of rehabilitative programs
d) All of the above
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