ISTQB Foundation Test Questions with Answers

defect (syn. bug, fault) An imperfection or deficiency in a work product where it does not meet its requirements or specifications. A flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function, e.g., an incorrect statement or data definition. A defect, if encountered during execution, may cause a failure of the component or system. error (syn. mistake) A human action that produces an incorrect result. failure Deviation of the component or system from its expected delivery, service or result. An event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits. quality The degree to which a component, system or process meets specified requirements and/or user/customer needs and expectations. risk A factor that could result in future negative consequences. debugging The process of finding, analyzing and removing the causes of failures in software. requirement A condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective that must be met or possessed by a system or system component to satisfy a contract, standard, specification, or other formally imposed document. A provision that contains criteria to be fulfilled. review An evaluation of a product or project status to ascertain discrepancies from planned results and to recommend improvements. Examples include management review, informal review, technical review, inspection, and walkthrough. A type of static testing during which a work product or process is evaluated by one or more individuals to detect issues and to provide improvements. test case A set of input values, execution preconditions, expected results and execution postconditions, developed for a particular objective or test condition, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement. A set of preconditions, inputs, actions (where applicable), expected results and postconditions, developed based on test conditions. testing The process consisting of all lifecycle activities, both static and dynamic, concerned with planning, preparation and evaluation of software products and related work products to determine that they satisfy specified requirements, to demonstrate that they are fit for purpose and to detect defects. test objective A reason or purpose for designing and executing a test. confirmation testing (syn. re-testing) Dynamic testing conducted after fixing defects with the objective to confirm that failures caused by those defects do not occur anymore.