These two pages include how to calculate the equilibrium constant, information n the reaction quotient, Le chatelier’s principle, catalysts & equilibrium, the relationship between Gibbs’s free energy & equilibrium constant. In addition, information regarding, the rate of reaction rate equation,...
Samenvatting Ib Course Book Chemistry 2014 - Scheikunde
Option D: Medicinal Chemistry (IB Chemistry)
Chapter 11 & 21, Measurements & Data Processing (IB Chemistry)
All for this textbook (81)
Written for
Secondary school
VWO / Gymnasium
Scheikunde
6
All documents for this subject (2175)
Seller
Follow
parmisyahoo
Content preview
RATE EQUATIONS RATE DETERMINING STEP
COLLISION THEORY
·
A(aq) + Blaq) -
> ((ag) + D(ag) • RATE DETERMINING STEP: is the SLOWEST STEP in the reaction
• collision frequency -
n-> rate of
• MOLECULARITY: number of reactant particles that participate in the rate-
• collision energy Rate GLA]* (B] order
determining step
·
=
on
> concentrations of
↳ • UNIMOLECULAR - one species involved in the rate-determining step
• activation energy reactants
• BIMOLECULAR - two species involved in the rate-determining step
• collision geometry
ORDER OF REACTION • can be identified from a rate equation given that the reaction mechanism is known
RATE OF REACTION • the power to which the concentration of that reactant is raised • the rate-determining step must have the greatest activation energy
in the rate equation • highest activation energy = slowest step (big peak in the graph)
• units: mol dm^3s^-1 • Order of reaction = 0, if there is no affect in changing of
concentration
change in amount of reactants products (modste MECHANISM PROBLEMS
rateof - • Order of reaction = 1, if there is directly proportional to the rate
or
Time (s) • ELEMENTARY STEPS: the steps involved in a reaction mechanism
of reaction (ex, doubling) D
A + B - C +
• Order of reaction = 2, if the rate is directly proportional to the
·
• involve the formation of an intermediate
square of the concentration of that chemical (ex, concentration 1 R D
1
Elementary Step
:
- +
doubles increases rate of reaction by factor 4)
R+ B > C
Elementary Step
-
2 :
RATE CONSTANT THE ARRHENIUS EQUATION
Techniques used to measure rate of reaction:
• at higher temperatures: the rate of reaction increases, the rate constant increases
• mass loss
• Gas production h =
Rate(B] • EQUATION:
i constant
• Colorimetry rate
constant-k = Aegas
↳ units : mol"dm's
↑ Arrhenius constant
BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION CURVE • GRAPHING
YT(k -)
I
• a graph that shows the distribution of energies at a A
certain temperature
Ink = +
Inl
y
=
TEMPERATURE: In k
x =
i
• an increase in temperature of a reaction mixture results
maCradieHet
in an increased mean energy of the molecules so there
is a wider spread of values
R
• there is an increase in reaction rate as a greater
proportion of molecules have energy equal to or greater
than the activation energy • CALCULATING THE ACTIVATION ENERGY
CATALYST:
• proportion of molecules with low energies which cannot
react
In h = )
• Proportion of molecules that have energy greater than
the activation energies, Ea
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller parmisyahoo. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.85. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
