Exam (elaborations)
ARCH 351 FINALS
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Exam of 13 pages for the course Biology 101 at Biology 101 (ARCH 351 FINALS)
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ARCH 351 FINALSpiazza, place - ANS-an italian public square (ex: piazza della signoria, florence, italy,
13th- 14th centuries)
crenellations - ANS-a pattern of repeated depressed openings (crenels) in a fortification
wall (ex: palazzo vecchio, florence, italy)
lantern - ANS-a small, fenestrated/windowed tower on top of a roof or dome, admitting
light to the space below (ex: Brunelleschi, Cathedral dome (duomo), florence, italy, 1418
(lantern completed 1460)).
rustication - ANS-the separation of regular masonry blocks by deeply cut, often
wedge-shaped (chamfered) grooves (ex: palazzo medici, florence, italy )
string course - ANS-a projecting horizontal band across an exterior wall of a building
(ex: Alberti and Rossellino, Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, Italy, 1450-70)
kremlin - ANS-fortification. a citadel within a Russian town. usually protect
administrative buildings. (ex: kremlin, moscow, russia, walls built 1490s)
quincunx - ANS-the composition of a church using four domes placed symmetrically
around a larger central dome (ex: aristotile fioravanti, cathedral of the dormition,
kremlin, moscow, russia, 1470s)
votive - ANS-offered or consecrated in fulfillment of a vow. candles. religious churches
built as a vow. (st. basil, moscow, russia)
tsar - ANS-an emperor of Russia before 1917 (ex: ivan the great aka ivan the III aka
aristotile fioravanti, cathedral of the dormition, kremlin, moscow, russia, 1470s)
chinampas - ANS-type of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular
areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of
Mexico. man made islands for the purposes of agriculture. (ex:.great temple
(coatepetl/coatepec), tenochtitlan, mexico, 14th-16th century)
brackets - ANS-a projection from a vertical surface providing support under beams,
cornices, balconies, and window frames (ex: Forbidden City (imperial palace), beijing,
china, 15th-16th centuries)
, minaret - ANS-a tall, slender tower at a mosque, from which the faithful are called to
prayer by the crier/ the muezzin (Ex: great mosque, isfahan, iran, 1088, 16th century)
kulliye - ANS-aka imaret. a turkish building complex centered around a mosque and
including educational, charitable, and medical facilities (ex: fatih mosque complex,
Istanbul, Turkey, 1463-70)
diwan - ANS-aka a divan. a persian word indicating the executive council, which often
referred to the space for assemblies, an open hypostyle hall in a persian or mughal
place (ex: topkapi palace, istanbul, turkey)
loggia - ANS-a roofed porch or gallery with an open arcade/ colonnade (ex: jones,
queen's house, greenwich, england, 1616-1635.)
quoins - ANS-rusticated stones placed on the corners of a building (ex: A. da sangallo
and michelangelo, palazzo farnese, rome, italy, 1517-46)
villa - ANS-a country house used as a getaway for urban elites and usually the seat of a
working farm. built on the outskirts of renaissance rome for a wealthy cardinal, was
often without farming functions and featured ornate geometric gardens (ex: peruzzi, villa
farnesina rome, italy, 1506-11)
pediment - ANS-the triangular gable end of an ancient greek or roman temple; also
placed as the crowning feature over a door or window. some pediments are curved,
based on a segmental arch (ex: A. da sangallo and michelangelo, palazzo farnese,
rome, italy, 1517-46)
iwan - ANS-a large vaulted space open at one end, used in islamic palaces, mosques,
and madrasas (ex: great mosque, isfahan, iran, 1088, 16th century)
pishtaq - ANS-the entry facade to persian monumental religious complexes framing an
iwan with slander minarets (ex: great mosque, isfahan, iran, 1088, 16th century)
maydan - ANS-a large open space used for public ceremonies in large islamic cities (ex:
great mosque, isfahan, iran,)
obelisk - ANS-a tall, square shaft, usually of one piece of stone, tapering upward and
ending in a pyramidal tip (ex: sixtus V's plan for rome, italy, 1585-1590)
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