Exam (elaborations)
BIOMG 3320 Exam Questions Fall 2024
- Course
- Institution
BIOMG 3320 Exam Questions Fall 2024
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
smartchoices
Reviews received
Content preview
BIOMG 3320 Exam Questions Fall 2024Bond between phosphate and sugar? **** phosphodiester
Bond between sugar and base? **** glycosidic
Non-covalent interactions? **** H bonding, base stacking, electrostatic interactions
Chargaff rules? **** purine content = pyrimidine content
adenine = thymine
guanine = cytosine
Do base compositions differ between species? **** Yes - have different ratios
Bacterial genome? _ micrometer, _______ DNA molecule, _____ million base pairs, _________
genes, _____ packed with genes, plasmids (Y/N), transposons (Y/N) **** 1; circular; 5; 5,000;
densely
plasmids (Y)
transposons (N)
Eukaryotic genome? __ micrometers, contains a _______, many __________ chromosomes,
chromatin (Y/N), 10^_ to 10^ _ base pairs, _______ - _______ genes, _________ packed with
genes, Transposons (Y/N) **** 10; nucleus; linear
chromatin (Y)
10^7 to 10^11
6,000-30,000 genes
not densely packed with genes
transposons (Y)
Termination codons? **** UAA, UGA, UAG
Initiation codon? **** AUG (methionine)
Level 1 logic of degeneracy in the code? **** some mutations won't change the encoded a.a.
sequence
ie. ACA, ACU, ACC, ACG all encode the same amino acid
,Level 2 logic of degeneracy in the code? **** amino acids with similar properties can have
similar codons
ie. Ser and Thr
Solving the code part 2? **** incorporation of a.a. into polypeptides in response to random
polymers of RNA
Exceptions to the genetic code? **** mitochondrial genomes, chloroplasts and viruses
Modern Sanger sequencing **** incorporation into DNA terminated future chain growth and
flourescently labels the DNA
4 things needed for modern Sanger sequencing? **** DNA polymerase
DNA template
fluorescent ddNTPs
primer
Primer does/does not require label? **** does not
Where does the labeling come from? **** fluorescent chain terminating ddNTPs
4 separate reactions? **** No - one reaction has all dNTPs and all ddNTP
ddNTPs higher/lower concentration than dNTPs? **** lower
What is the general process of Illumina sequencing? **** digital camera - each pixel of the
camera is equivalent to a full Sanger sequencing reaction
What 2 things do you start with? **** 1. pool of DNA fragments with lots of different
sequences
2. identical adapters ligated to each unique DNA fragment
What is the glass lawn? **** ssDNA that act as primers and base pair with adapters
What do you use to create clusters? **** PCR to amplify the flour signal
What do sequences within a single cluster have in common ? **** same sequence
DNA molecules in different clusters? **** different sequences
Still use DNA polymerase? **** Yes
, Normal dNTPs present? **** No
Key concept? **** polymerize one base at a time, snap a pic, remove flour, remove 3' block,
polymerize one base, snap a pic, remove flour...
Restriction endonucleases function? **** digest foreign DNA
How can you use restriction endonuclease? **** for recombinant DNA technology - can cut
and paste gene into a bacterial promoter of an operon and initiate replication to manufacture a lot
of that gene
3 major steps in bacterial transcription? **** initiation, elongation, termination
Initiation? **** promoter recognition and binding, formation of closed complex, transition to
open complex, promoter clearance
What does sigma do? **** promoter recognition
Elongation? **** loses sigma, gains NUSA
What does NUSA do? **** elongation factor used for productive elongation
Termination? **** polymerase detaches from DNA (p-dependent and p-independent)
p-independent termination? **** intrinsic termination by a hairpin sequence
p-dependent termination? **** ATP dependent helices recognizes rut elements and binds
nascent transcript and migrates toward polymerase
operon? **** a functioning uit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control
of one promoter
What does lac operon do? **** encodes a protein called galactosidase that cleaves lactose
Lac operon - no lactose high glucose? **** lac repressor binds operator --> transcription of
galactisodase is blocked
Lac operon - high lactose no glucose? **** cAMP binds CAP activator and enables DNA
binding: lactose binds lac repressor and is released from operator--> transcription of
galactisodase occurs
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller smartchoices. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77254 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now