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GNUR 293 Exam 4.
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Exam of 5 pages for the course Anatomy Condensed Final Exam Review - GNUR 155 at Anatomy Condensed Final Exam Review - GNUR 155 (GNUR 293 Exam 4.)
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GNUR 293 Exam 4Obstructive pulmonary disorders - ANS-conditions such as asthma and emphysema in
which there is increased resistance to airflow. Air is trapped in the lungs during
expiration and the person has an increased residual volume
Restrictive pulmonary disorders - ANS-conditions such as asbestosis and acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in which there is increased resistance to
expansion of the lungs. Less air enters the lungs during inspiration and the person has
a decreased residual volume
residual volume - ANS-the amount of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration
asthma - ANS-a respiratory condition characterized by increased responsiveness of the
trachea and bronchi to various stimuli and manifested by widespread narrowing of the
airways
chronic bronchitis (type B COPD) - ANS-a condition characterized by excessive
secretion of bronchial mucus and manifested by productive cough for 3 or more months
in at least 2 consecutive years in the absence of any other disease process that may
cause this symptom
emphysema (type A COPD) - ANS-a respiratory condition characterized by abnormal,
permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with destruction
of their walls and without obvious fibrosis
bronchiectasis - ANS-a disorder characterized by destruction of the elastic and
muscular structures leading to dilation of the bronchci
bronchiolitis - ANS-inflammation of the small bronchi
cystic fibrosis - ANS-an autosomal recessive condition in which abnormal chloride
channels cause thick secretions that lead to respiratory infections, pancreas
malfunction, and salty sweat
epiglottitis - ANS-inflammation of the epiglottis, the structure that prevents food from
entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing
, croup - ANS-acute inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchus, seen in young
children from 6 months to 6 years of age
-increased number of goblet cells in the mucosa
-hypertrophy of submucosal mucus glands
-thickened basement membrane
-mucosal layer contains many inflammatory cells
-airway smooth muscle layer is thicker due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia -
ANS-Airway remodeling in asthma
may be asymptomatic or may have cough and/or wheeze and exercise intolerance -
ANS-clinical manifestations of asthma between acute episodes
-Feeling of tightness in chest
-Dyspnea
-Anxiety
-Coughing, thick sputum
-Wheezing (expiratory initially, but may progress to inspiratory also) and prolonged
expiration
-Tachypnea and tachycardia
-Tripod positioning, as in the photograph
-Use of accessory muscles of respiration
-Reduced peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) - ANS-clinical manifestations of asthma
during an acute episode
True - ANS-(T/F): Chronic exposure to stimuli such as hypercapnia or hypoxemia
causes changes in the structure of pulmonary arteries that lead to pulmonary
hypertension.
-hypertrophy in the tunica media of the pulmonary artery
-thickening and fibrosis of the tunica intima
-atherosclerosis in large pulmonary arteries
-development of plexiform lesions - ANS-Structural changes in pulmonary HTN
plexiform lesions - ANS-irregular networks of interconnecting blood channels
lung infarction, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, shock and death -
ANS-Consequences of large pulmonary emboli
lower extremities - ANS-Most pulmonary emboli originate in the ____________.
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